17-a-estradiol late in life extends lifespan in aging UM-HET3 male mice; nicotinamide riboside and three other drugs do not affect lifespan in either sex
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
NAD+ precursor: human trials, bioavailability and translational evidence
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) Research Data Center
Explore 98 publications on nicotinamide riboside (NR), spanning human trials, pharmacokinetics, evidence reviews, rare-disease reports, foundational biology and nonclinical safety. The library includes recent studies of Parkinson’s disease, cognition, peripheral artery disease, kidney disease, exercise and NAD+ biomarker interpretation. NR reliably changes several NAD-related biomarkers in human studies, while clinical outcomes vary by population, preparation and endpoint. Each research record distinguishes the tested intervention and model, summarizes findings and limitations, and links to the original publication.
Evidence at a glance
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Tier 1
45
Tier 2
19
Tier 3
30
Tier 4
Aging and stem cells: preclinical models
NAD⁺ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Bioavailability
The differential impact of three different NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans
Randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled human trial with a pre-registered primary endpoint (NCT05517122): 67 participants were randomized and 65 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Validated metabolomics plus complementary ex vivo microbiome and whole-blood experiments strengthen mechanistic interpretation, but the open-label design, healthy population and indirect nature of the proposed gut mechanism limit inference.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s42255-025-01421-8PMID 41540253PMC12855009
Cancer biology: preclinical evidence
A bioluminescent-based probe for in vivo non-invasive monitoring of nicotinamide riboside uptake reveals a link between metastasis and NAD + metabolism
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Chronic kidney disease
Randomized crossover clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and nicotinamide riboside in chronic kidney disease
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled three-period crossover trial with objective ergometry outcomes and extensive metabolomics/lipidomics. Internal validity is strong for the tested short-term physiology endpoints, but only 25 participants with CKD were studied and treatment lasted six weeks per period.
Sourcedoi:10.1172/jci.insight.167274PMID 37159264PMC10393227
Cognition and neurological biomarkers
A phase-II randomized controlled pilot study of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Cognitive and Alzheimer's disease biomarker effects of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Effects of nicotinamide riboside on NAD+ levels, cognition, and symptom recovery in long-COVID: a randomized controlled trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103633PMID 41357333PMC12675013
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1007/s11357-023-00999-9PMID 37994989PMC10828186
Oral nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ and lowers biomarkers of neurodegenerative pathology in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Combination treatments: NR plus pterostilbene
Effect of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene and/or coconut oil on anthropometric variables in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A pilot study
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene supplementation in experimental muscle injury in elderly individuals
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Nicotinamide riboside with pterostilbene (NRPT) increases NAD + in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stepwise safety study of escalating doses of NRPT in patients with AKI
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Efficacy and tolerability of EH301 for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human pilot study
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Repeat dose NRPT (nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) increases NAD + levels in humans safely and sustainably: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces frequency and severity of undesirable symptoms of the menopause transition: an open-label, pilot clinical trial
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.3389/fragi.2026.1773667PMID 42211736PMC13213337
Corrections and source integrity
Publisher Correction: Nicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s41467-024-51289-7PMID 39134546PMC11319328
Corrigendum to "Safety Assessment of High-Purity, Synthetic Nicotinamide Riboside (NR-E) in a 90-Day Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity Study, With a 28-Day Recovery Arm"
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Corrigendum to: 17-a-estradiol late in life extends lifespan in aging UM-HET3 male mice; nicotinamide riboside and three other drugs do not affect lifespan in either sex
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Erratum: Author Correction: Repeat dose NRPT (nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) increases NAD + levels in humans safely and sustainably: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Evidence reviews and clinical translation
Effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans: a meta-analysis
Evidence synthesis; strength depends on the included studies and whether NR-specific effects can be isolated.
Emerging strategies, applications and challenges of targeting NAD + in the clinic
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
NAD + Precursors in Human Health and Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
What is really known about the effects of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in humans
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Balancing NAD + deficits with nicotinamide riboside: therapeutic possibilities and limitations
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Preclinical and clinical evidence of NAD + precursors in health, disease, and ageing
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Foundational NAD+ and NR biology
Quantitative Analysis of NAD Synthesis-Breakdown Fluxes
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
NRK1 controls nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in mammalian cells
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2 silencing and extends lifespan via Nrk and Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 pathways to NAD+
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Discoveries of nicotinamide riboside as a nutrient and conserved NRK genes establish a Preiss-Handler independent route to NAD+ in fungi and humans
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Gut microbiome and NAD+ metabolism
Oral supplementation of nicotinamide riboside alters intestinal microbial composition in rats and mice, but not humans
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s41514-023-00106-4PMID 37012386PMC10070358
Bacteria Boost Mammalian Host NAD Metabolism by Engaging the Deamidated Biosynthesis Pathway
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Heart failure and cellular inflammation
Safety and Tolerability of Nicotinamide Riboside in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.06.012PMID 36644285PMC9831861
Boosting NAD level suppresses inflammatory activation of PBMCs in heart failure
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Heart failure: preclinical models
Nicotinamide Riboside Preserves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Sourcedoi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.026099PMID 29217642PMC6954688
Intravenous NR: route-specific evidence
Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.3389/fragi.2026.1652582PMID 41704678PMC12907335
Kidney disease: clinical evidence
A Pilot Trial of Nicotinamide Riboside and Coenzyme Q10 on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in CKD
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Metabolic health and glucose regulation
Nicotinamide riboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Incretin Hormones in Nondiabetic Men With Obesity
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Metabolic health: preclinical models
Nicotinamide Riboside Opposes Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathy in Mice
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside enhances oxidative metabolism and protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Multi-ingredient metabolic activators
The acute effect of different NAD + precursors included in the combined metabolic activators
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Multi-omics characterization of improved cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease patients after the combined metabolic activator treatment: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae478PMID 39816194PMC11733689
Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Combined metabolic activators therapy ameliorates liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Muscle & Physical Function
The Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Riboside on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Peer-reviewed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled nicotinamide-precursor trials in adults with mean ages above 60 years, with NMN-specific pooled analyses for key sarcopenia outcomes.
NAD biology / neuroinflammation
Inhibition of CD38 and supplementation of nicotinamide riboside ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial and astrocytic neuroinflammation by increasing NAD+
Mouse and primary-glial-cell study of CD38/NAD+ and neuroinflammation; no human clinical data.
NAD precursors and methyl-donor context
NR-SAFE: a randomized, double-blind safety trial of high dose nicotinamide riboside in Parkinson's disease
Randomized phase I RCT. High-dose NR increased NAD-related metabolites and was tolerated in this short study. An initial homocysteine rise occurred without evidence of depletion of the measured methyl-donor pool. Direct human intervention or pharmacokinetic evidence. This is an individual study, not replicated highest-tier clinical proof; sample size, controls and the measured endpoint limit its interpretation.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s41467-023-43514-6PMID 38016950PMC10684646
NAD+ Augmentation — Systematic Evidence Synthesis
NAD+ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence
PRISMA-guided systematic review of 113 eligible intervention studies, including 33 human studies (28 randomized) and 80 rodent studies. Broad synthesis of NAD-related interventions; strong for evidence mapping, though it is primarily narrative rather than a pooled NMN-only meta-analysis.
NAD+ Biology — Aging Biomarkers
Human whole-blood NAD+ levels do not vary with age or lifestyle interventions
Large multi-cohort human observational/metabolomics analysis using a rigorously validated whole-blood NAD+ assay across seven independent cohorts. High-quality evidence for the specific question of whole-blood NAD+ and aging, but it does not establish that NAD+ is age-stable in every tissue.
NAD+ Pharmacokinetics — Direct NMN vs NR Comparison
The NAD-brain pharmacokinetic study of NAD augmentation in blood and brain using oral precursor supplementation
Phase I, open-label pharmacokinetic study with a randomized crossover stage directly comparing NR and NMN in six healthy adults, followed by longer NR exposure in healthy adults and people with Parkinson’s disease. Valuable direct comparative human PK evidence, but extremely small and not an efficacy trial.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.114764PMID 41858901PMC12996706
NAD+ bioavailability and pharmacokinetics
Acute nicotinamide riboside supplementation increases human cerebral NAD+ levels in vivo
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
An open-label, non-randomized study of the pharmacokinetics of the nutritional supplement nicotinamide riboside (NR) and its effects on blood NAD+ levels in healthy volunteers
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186459PMID 29211728PMC5718430
Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
NRH: distinct precursor chemistry
A reduced form of nicotinamide riboside defines a new path for NAD + biosynthesis and acts as an orally bioavailable NAD + precursor
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.013PMID 31767171PMC6807296
Neurodegeneration: preclinical models
NAD + supplementation normalizes key Alzheimer's features and DNA damage responses in a new AD mouse model with introduced DNA repair deficiency
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
The NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Rescues Mitochondrial Defects and Neuronal Loss in iPSC and Fly Models of Parkinson's Disease
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Parkinson’s disease: clinical evidence
Nicotinamide Riboside for Patients With Early-Stage Parkinson Disease: The NOPARK Randomized Clinical Trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
The NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson's disease
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Peripheral nerves and sensory function
Evaluation of Nicotinamide Riboside in Prevention of Small Nerve Fiber Axon Degeneration and Promotion of Nerve Regeneration
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Activation of SIRT3 by the NAD⁺ precursor nicotinamide riboside protects from noise-induced hearing loss
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Rare disorders: human clinical reports
Safety and efficacy of individualised exercise and NAD+ precursor supplementation in patients with Friedreich's ataxia in the USA: a single-centre, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised controlled trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00082-7PMID 42009009PMC13162205
Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Benefits in Patients With Werner Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Effects of nicotinamide riboside in mitochondrial DNA disease
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
ACAD9 treatment with bezafibrate and nicotinamide riboside temporarily stabilizes cardiomyopathy and lactic acidosis
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.mito.2024.101905PMID 38797357PMC11390326
Long-Term Nicotinamide Riboside Use Improves Coordination and Eye Movements in Ataxia Telangiectasia
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Nicotinamide Riboside for Ataxia Telangiectasia: A Report of an Early Treated Individual
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinamide riboside therapy in Arts syndrome: A case report and literature review
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Co-therapy with S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinamide riboside improves t-cell survival and function in Arts Syndrome (PRPS1 deficiency)
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100709PMID 33532242PMC7823043
Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Ataxia Scores and Immunoglobulin Levels in Ataxia Telangiectasia
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Rare disorders: preclinical models
Effective treatment of mitochondrial myopathy by nicotinamide riboside, a vitamin B3
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Respiratory and immune function
Effect of nicotinamide riboside on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s43587-024-00758-1PMID 39548320PMC11645284
NAD+ augmentation by nicotinamide riboside engages SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling to attenuate Th17 inflammation in psoriasis
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1172/jci.insight.203826PMID 42048163PMC13313537
Nicotinamide Riboside Augments Human Macrophage Migration via SIRT3-Mediated Prostaglandin E2 Signaling
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Safety and formulation: nonclinical evidence
Safety of nicotinamide riboside chloride as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and bioavailability of nicotinamide from this source, in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Ototoxic Effect of Nicotinamide Riboside
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Preclinical safety assessments of nicotinamide riboside hydrogen malate
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Safety Assessment of High-Purity, Synthetic Nicotinamide Riboside (NR-E) in a 90-Day Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity Study, With a 28-Day Recovery Arm
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Safety assessment of nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B 3
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Safety and methylation
Nicotinamide riboside supplementation is not associated with altered methylation homeostasis in Parkinson's disease
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106278PMID 36936793PMC10014306
Safety and tolerability
Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Skeletal muscle, exercise and epigenetics
Feasibility of telehealth exercise and nicotinamide riboside supplementation in survivors of childhood cancer at risk for diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Nicotinamide riboside supplementation does not alter whole-body or skeletal muscle metabolic responses to a single bout of endurance exercise
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.043PMID 31412242PMC6702140
The Divergent Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside and High-Intensity Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Epigenetic Aging
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Nicotinamide riboside does not alter mitochondrial respiration, content or morphology in skeletal muscle from obese and insulin-resistant men
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Nicotinamide riboside improves muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and gut microbiota in a twin study
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Skeletal muscle: preclinical models
Loss of NAD Homeostasis Leads to Progressive and Reversible Degeneration of Skeletal Muscle
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
NAD+ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation
Animal-model evidence with limited direct clinical applicability.
Sourcedoi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5504PMID 27798264PMC5535761
Skin Biology — Keratinocyte Inflammation
Nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside attenuate cytokine production in human keratinocytes via suppression of p38 Pathway
Peer-reviewed mechanistic in-vitro study in human HaCaT keratinocytes. It provides current human-cell skin-inflammation biology but enrolled no human participants and cannot establish oral or topical clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1007/s11033-026-11615-2PMID 41779073PMC12960338
Vascular function and blood pressure
Nicotinamide riboside combined with exercise to treat hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1007/s11357-025-01815-2PMID 40770531PMC12638573
Nicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s41467-024-49092-5PMID 38871717PMC11176364
Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD + in healthy middle-aged and older adults
Human intervention evidence; study design and endpoints do not establish benefit beyond the reported population and outcomes.
Effects of NAD+ supplementation with oral nicotinamide riboside on vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with peripheral artery disease: Results from a pilot 4-week open-label clinical trial
Mechanistic, uncontrolled, narrative or contextual evidence; not confirmatory clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103607PMID 40479886PMC13095416