Tier 4 — mechanistic

Emerging strategies, applications and challenges of targeting NAD + in the clinic

Zhang J, Wang HL, Lautrup S, Nilsen HL, Treebak JT, Watne LO, Selbæk G, Wu LE, Omland T, Pirinen E, Cheung TC, Wang J, Ziegler M, Tysnes OB, Zapata-Pérez R, Bruzzone S, Canto C, Deleidi M, Janssens GE, Houtkooper RH, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Koshizaka M, Yokote K, Verdin E, Bohr VA, Tzoulis C, Sinclair DA, Fang EF
Nature aging 2025 5; 9; 1704-1731

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 40926126
DOI
10.1038/s43587-025-00947-6
Funding
Funding details are not specified in the accessible publication information.
Competing interests
The review contains extensive individual disclosures, including research, consulting, company, equity and intellectual-property interests relevant to NAD-related research.

Study snapshot

DesignNarrative evidence review
ModelPublished clinical and translational literature
SampleHuman NAD-related clinical trials and translational research
InterventionReview of NR, NMN, older vitamin B3 forms and emerging approaches
DurationPublished September 2025
EndpointsEvidence synthesis and translational limitations

What the study showed, in plain terms

The review synthesized safety, bioavailability, clinical efficacy and delivery challenges for NAD-targeted interventions.

Key findings

The review synthesized safety, bioavailability, clinical efficacy and delivery challenges for NAD-targeted interventions.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Multiple interventions are covered and subsequent trials are not captured. Dose, route, long-term safety and interindividual response remain unresolved.

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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology