A source-of-truth library for apigenin research spanning human pharmacokinetics, sleep and anxiety evidence, CD38/NAD+ biology, formulation and bioavailability, safety, drug interactions and preclinical aging and disease models.
Mechanistic cell-culture study in a mouse keratinocyte line. It identifies a molecular mechanism but does not establish an effect in humans.
Systematic review focused on in vitro and in vivo cardiometabolic evidence. It maps mechanisms but does not establish clinical cardiometabolic efficacy in humans.
In silico, in vitro platelet and mouse pharmacokinetic work on an apigenin-DHA hybrid, not standard apigenin.
Narrative review of mechanistic and pharmacological literature, with a strong focus on cancer signaling pathways rather than direct human efficacy.
Cell-culture senescence study in human fibroblasts; mechanistic evidence rather than a human intervention.
High-value mechanistic and animal geroscience study showing senomorphic activity, but it remains preclinical and does not establish human anti-aging efficacy.
Narrative review of apigenin nanocarrier and delivery research, dominated by preclinical formulation studies. It summarizes translation challenges but is not a human efficacy trial.
Sourcedoi:10.1080/20415990.2024.2386928PMID 39259258PMC11415023
Mouse pancreatitis plus cultured human pancreatic stellate cells; no patient trial.
Broad narrative review spanning multiple disease models; useful for mechanism mapping but not direct clinical efficacy evidence.
Sourcedoi:10.3390/biomedicines12061353PMID 38927560PMC11202028
Narrative review summarising preclinical (animal) and available human study findings on apigenin across multiple disease areas. Not a systematic review or new controlled trial.
Narrative review of apigenin's health-related properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metabolic). Published in a food-science journal outside PubMed's biomedical indexing scope; verified real via the publisher (Taylor & Francis / Int J Food Prop) rather than PubMed.
Mouse endotoxemia plus Caco-2 cell model; not a clinical sepsis trial.
Sourcedoi:10.1186/s12876-025-04196-0PMID 40885907PMC12398084
Controlled mouse colorectal-carcinogenesis study with microbiome depletion and fecal-transfer experiments. Strong mechanistic animal evidence, but no human intervention data.
Rat study comparing germ-free and human-microbiota-associated animals; relevant to metabolism but not direct human evidence.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled human trial, but the intervention was chamomile extract rather than isolated apigenin.
Sourcedoi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181ac935cPMID 19593179PMC3600416
Double-blind randomized placebo-substitution continuation trial in human GAD responders; chamomile extract, not isolated apigenin.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.012PMID 27912875PMC5646235 Trial registry
Randomized crossover human feeding trial with a controlled background diet; outcomes were biomarkers rather than clinical endpoints.
Prospective human cohort comparison, but the intervention combined apigenin with EGCG and was not a randomized apigenin-alone trial.
Direct human pharmacokinetic intervention study in healthy adults. It establishes exposure and metabolism rather than clinical efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007PMID 35452808 Trial registry
Direct human oral bioavailability study in 11 healthy adults; informative for pharmacokinetics, not clinical benefit.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized human chamomile trials; relevant to apigenin-containing interventions but not isolated apigenin.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled human insomnia pilot trial, but the intervention was chamomile extract rather than isolated apigenin.
Sourcedoi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-78PMID 21939549PMC3198755 Trial registry
Single-blind randomized controlled human trial; intervention was chamomile extract rather than isolated apigenin.
Randomized controlled human trial of chamomile tea in postnatal women; relevant to apigenin-containing chamomile but not isolated apigenin.
Computational network-pharmacology, docking and molecular-dynamics study with no patient intervention.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106656PMID 36805222PMC9911982
Mechanistic experiments in primary human monocytes/macrophages and mouse macrophages; no clinical intervention.
Sourcedoi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1497984PMID 39840045PMC11746122
Mouse autoimmune-uveitis model plus cultured human microglial cells; no human treatment trial.
Systematic review of 30 in vitro and in vivo sepsis studies with no clinical trials; useful for mechanism synthesis but not human efficacy.
Preclinical combination study using NMN plus apigenin in cells and aged mice. It cannot isolate apigenin's contribution or establish human benefit.
Lifespan experiments in yeast and Drosophila; useful longevity-mechanism evidence but not human data.
C. elegans lifespan study using apigenin glycosides from green pepper; preclinical and not isolated apigenin in humans.
Long-term dietary apigenin study in high-fat-diet obese mice; no human metabolic trial.
In vitro cell-culture and in vivo mouse (obese mouse) experiments identifying apigenin as a pharmacological CD38 inhibitor. No human data.
Mouse and primary-glial-cell study of CD38/NAD+ and neuroinflammation; no human clinical data.
Mechanistic narrative review covering neuroinflammation and neurological disease models. The underlying apigenin evidence is predominantly preclinical.
Transgenic Alzheimer's-disease mouse study; no human cognitive or dementia trial.
Systematic review of preclinical rodent studies only. It organizes mechanistic evidence but provides no human efficacy estimate.
Breast-cancer cell-line and chemoinformatics study; no clinical chemotherapy trial.
Cell-culture and primary mouse thyroid-tumor-cell study; no clinical thyroid-cancer trial.
In vitro cancer-cell and transcriptomic study; no animal or human efficacy trial.
Preclinical formulation, Caco-2 permeability, rat pharmacokinetic and acute-toxicity study. It directly informs delivery and exposure but provides no human efficacy evidence.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s41598-024-84063-2PMID 39738511PMC11685950
Broad narrative review of apigenin biology, metabolism, stability and delivery. Useful for pharmacology and formulation context, but not direct efficacy evidence.
Narrative review of dietary intake, pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial effects and gut-microbiota interactions; it does not provide new human efficacy data.
Narrative pharmacokinetic and drug-interaction review; useful for safety framing but not a clinical efficacy trial.
Single-dose radiolabeled apigenin pharmacokinetic and metabolism study in rats; foundational ADME evidence but not human pharmacokinetics.
Randomized dietary crossover study with supporting platelet experiments. Neither food intervention changed measured hemostatic outcomes, although high concentrations inhibited platelets in vitro. Direct human intervention or pharmacokinetic evidence. This is an individual study, not replicated highest-tier clinical proof; sample size, controls and the measured endpoint limit its interpretation.
Mechanistic keratinocyte-cell study of UVB-induced COX-2 regulation; no human intervention.
Hairless-mouse UVB carcinogenesis model; no human cancer-prevention trial.
Focused narrative review of sleep, aging, CD38 and NAD+ biology. Human evidence is mainly chamomile or observational rather than isolated-apigenin trials.
Animal sleep pharmacology plus neuronal-cell experiments; no isolated-apigenin human sleep trial.
