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Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults

Gina Borges, Reedmond Y. Fong, Jodi L. Ensunsa, Jennifer Kimball, Valentina Medici, Javier I. Ottaviani, Alan Crozier
Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2022 185:90-96

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 35452808
Trial registry
View on ClinicalTrials.gov Registered trial — results not yet published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Study snapshot

DesignHuman clinical pharmacokinetic study
ModelHealthy male adults
Sample
InterventionPure apigenin and apigenin glycosides delivered in parsley preparations and chamomile tea
Duration
EndpointsPlasma apigenin metabolites; Urinary metabolite excretion; Time to peak concentration; Influence of glycoside form and food matrix

What the study showed, in plain terms

This human study compared how pure apigenin and naturally occurring apigenin glycosides are absorbed and metabolized.

Key findings

Pure apigenin was poorly absorbed, with urinary metabolites equivalent to about 0.5% of intake. Parsley glycosides produced greater recovery, and chamomile tea produced the highest urinary recovery reported in the study, about 34% of intake.

What this study can and cannot tell us

This is a pharmacokinetic study, not an efficacy trial. Different food matrices and glycosides cannot be assumed equivalent to a commercial isolated-apigenin supplement.

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