Records 181–220 of 415. Open a study to inspect the full evidence record. Source links lead directly to the publication. Updated 19 October 2026.
Safety assessments and evidence synthesis (4) · Mechanistic and clinical reviews (36)
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. No significant overall effect was found on circulating betaine, choline or TMAO, despite subgroup differences.
Systematic review with mixed-model meta-analyses. Animal folate studies suggested dose-related methylation changes, but pooled human folic-acid trials did not show a significant global DNA-methylation effect.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Higher TMAO was associated with cognitive impairment; the plasma-betaine comparison was not statistically significant.
Network meta-analysis of RCTs. Folate-containing combinations ranked highly for homocysteine lowering, illustrating that methylation support is not unique to betaine.
Narrative review. Reviews methyl donation, osmotic protection and proposed cardiometabolic, liver and renal mechanisms.
Narrative review. Describes possible effects on NF-kappaB, NLRP3, oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling.
Narrative review with a structured literature search. Reviews plausible aging-related pathways involving methylation, mitochondria, muscle and inflammation, while identifying major clinical gaps.
Narrative review. Maps proposed brain effects and unresolved questions about transport, neurotransmission and neuronal protection.
Narrative review. Summarizes how betaine might modify methylation and lipid handling in alcohol-related fatty liver.
Narrative review. Reviews proposed metabolic, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways relevant to fatty liver.
Narrative review. Surveys betaine's osmolyte and methyl-donor functions and a wide range of proposed organ-protective effects.
Narrative review. Explains proposed routes by which betaine could affect IL-1beta production, processing and release.
Narrative review. Reviews antidepressant hypotheses involving inflammation, stress and energy metabolism.
Narrative review. Provides a foundational overview of food sources, osmoprotection and methyl-group donation.
Narrative review. Reviews betaine's role in lowering homocysteine in inherited homocystinuria.
Narrative review. Describes the relationship between betaine status, folate-dependent pathways and fasting/post-load homocysteine.
Narrative review. Summarizes betaine concentrations in grains and how processing or fortification can change food content.
Narrative review. Reviews chemistry and largely animal evidence for effects on liver metabolism, arguing for better human trials.
Narrative review. Proposes mechanisms by which betaine might improve heat tolerance, based mainly on cell and animal work.
Narrative review. Integrates betaine's roles in osmotic control, methyl metabolism and clinical biomarker interpretation.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies. A four-study genetic meta-analysis linked one BHMT variant with cleft lip/palate susceptibility, with inconsistent findings for another variant.
Narrative review. Discusses mixed human liver-trial results and the rationale for renewed controlled research.
Narrative review. Contrasts TMAO and betaine biology, including osmotic, methylation and biomarker roles.
Narrative review. Examines how betaine and BHMT variation might interact with folate-related metabolism.
Narrative review. Reviews experimental effects of betaine and other compounds on cytochrome-c oxidase and mitochondrial regulation.
Narrative review. Reviews natural food sources, metabolism, extraction and analytical methods for betaine as a food ingredient.
Narrative review. Explains the connection between choline oxidation, betaine and folate-linked one-carbon metabolism.
Narrative review. Discusses betaine/GABA transporter pharmacology as a possible route to anticonvulsant drug development.
Narrative review. Reviews how hypertonicity regulates betaine and myo-inositol transport in renal-cell models.
Narrative review. Summarizes rodent evidence that betaine supports SAM generation and modifies ethanol-associated liver fat.
Narrative review. Reviews BGT1 structure, function and experimental inhibitors, highlighting uncertainty about its brain role.
Narrative review. Reviews betaine sources, synthesis, extraction and proposed health mechanisms, especially from animal research.
Narrative review. Reviews experimental effects of baicalein and betaine in inflammation-associated colon tumor models.
Human tissue and cell-line study. BHMT expression and activity were markedly reduced in the investigated tumor material and HepG2 cells.
Narrative review. Surveys betaine nutrition across humans and several animal species, including metabolic and osmotic mechanisms.
Narrative review. Reviews a gut-liver hypothesis linking betaine, intestinal barrier function and chronic liver injury.
Narrative review. Reviews betaine biology, disease-associated blood levels and experimental kidney-protective findings.
Narrative review. Compares BGT1's well-characterized renal osmotic role with less certain liver and brain functions.
Narrative review. Reviews prescription betaine for elevated homocysteine and emphasizes methionine monitoring in susceptible patients.
Narrative review. Maps candidate signaling pathways through which betaine might affect experimental liver injury.
Design tiers organize different kinds of evidence; read the source-specific limitations before applying a result. The full library is curated by Biohack Blueprint. Each evidence record lists its editorial author and reviewers.
