Tier 4 — mechanistic

Betaine Dietary Supplementation: Healthy Aspects in Human and Animal Nutrition

Giovanni Buonaiuto, Alessia Federiconi, Carla Giuditta Vecchiato, Elisa Benini, Attilio Luigi Mordenti
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2025 14(7):771

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 40722875
PubMed Central
PMC12291949
DOI
10.3390/antiox14070771
Funding
Reported funding/support: Italian Ministry of University and ResearchCUP J33C22001190001European Union—NextGenerationEUThe author Elisa Benini was supported by the Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP J33C22001190001, Project title “National Biodiversity Future Centre—NBFC” under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4—Call for tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree No. 3175 of 18 December 2021 of the Italian Ministry of University and Research, funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Study snapshot

DesignNarrative review
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
SamplePublished literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort
InterventionReview of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention
DurationEvidence review; source-specific study durations vary
EndpointsBetaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2025, this source examined mechanistic and clinical reviews. Its evidence base was Published literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort. It evaluated Review of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention across Evidence review; source-specific study durations vary.

Surveys betaine nutrition across humans and several animal species, including metabolic and osmotic mechanisms.

Livestock performance and species-specific responses cannot establish human supplement efficacy or dose.

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Key findings

  • Surveys betaine nutrition across humans and several animal species, including metabolic and osmotic mechanisms.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Betaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Livestock performance and species-specific responses cannot establish human supplement efficacy or dose.
  • The conclusions inherit the limitations of the underlying studies. A narrative interpretation or guideline recommendation is not a new randomized treatment comparison.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Betaine in human nutrition
Stuart A S Craig et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology