Tier 4 — mechanistic

Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review

Madan Kumar Arumugam, Matthew C Paal, Terrence M Donohue, Murali Ganesan, Natalia A Osna, Kusum K Kharbanda
Biology 2021 10(6):456

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 34067313
PubMed Central
PMC8224793
DOI
10.3390/biology10060456
Funding
Indexed grant support: I01 BX004053 — BLRD VA — United States; BX004053 — U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; K01 AA026864 — NIAAA NIH HHS — United States; R01 AA026723 — NIH HHS — United States; R01 AA026723 — NIAAA NIH HHS — United States. The indexed list may not contain the complete funding declaration.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study and writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish.

Study snapshot

DesignNarrative review
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
SamplePublished literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort
InterventionReview of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention
DurationEvidence review; source-specific study durations vary
EndpointsBetaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2021, this source examined mechanistic and clinical reviews. Its evidence base was Published literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort. It evaluated Review of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention across Evidence review; source-specific study durations vary.

Surveys betaine's osmolyte and methyl-donor functions and a wide range of proposed organ-protective effects.

Evidence mixes cell, animal and human work. Broad therapeutic language should not be interpreted as proof of disease prevention in people.

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Key findings

  • Surveys betaine's osmolyte and methyl-donor functions and a wide range of proposed organ-protective effects.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Betaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Evidence mixes cell, animal and human work. Broad therapeutic language should not be interpreted as proof of disease prevention in people.
  • The conclusions inherit the limitations of the underlying studies. A narrative interpretation or guideline recommendation is not a new randomized treatment comparison.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Betaine in human nutrition
Stuart A S Craig et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
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Choline and betaine in health and disease
Per Magne Ueland et al. · Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2011

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology