Records 141–180 of 415. Open a study to inspect the full evidence record. Source links lead directly to the publication. Updated 19 October 2026.
Prescription betaine and inherited metabolic disorders (19) · Betaine HCl and topical formulations (14) · Safety assessments and evidence synthesis (7)
Indexed case report; abstract unavailable. The indexed record verifies the publication and citation, but supplies no abstract. A quantitative effect or complete treatment result is not established from this record alone.
Indexed letter or commentary; abstract unavailable. The indexed record verifies the publication and citation, but supplies no abstract. A quantitative effect or complete treatment result is not established from this record alone.
Clinical case series. All patients had substantial homocysteine reductions; several also showed early clinical improvement.
Before-and-after metabolic study. Betaine brought exaggerated post-load homocysteine responses closer to normal, with variable methionine changes.
Case report. Homocysteine fell markedly, methionine normalized and some clinical improvement occurred, while developmental impairment persisted.
Case report. The report describes substantial recovery from rapidly progressive encephalopathy and myopathy after treatment.
Indexed case report; abstract unavailable. The indexed record verifies the publication and citation, but supplies no abstract. A quantitative effect or complete treatment result is not established from this record alone.
Long-term case report. Methionine remained in the normal range and homocysteine moderately elevated; developmental and visual difficulties persisted.
Indexed case report; abstract unavailable. The indexed record verifies the publication and citation, but supplies no abstract. A quantitative effect or complete treatment result is not established from this record alone.
Indexed case report; abstract unavailable. The indexed record verifies the publication and citation, but supplies no abstract. A quantitative effect or complete treatment result is not established from this record alone.
Case report. Gait and muscle symptoms improved, and cerebrospinal-fluid SAM rose from undetectable to approximately normal levels.
Indexed case report; abstract unavailable. The indexed record verifies the publication and citation, but supplies no abstract. A quantitative effect or complete treatment result is not established from this record alone.
Clinical practice guideline. Early treatment is emphasized; betaine is recommended for severe MTHFR deficiency, while cobalamin-related defects require appropriate B12-based therapy.
Observational registry analysis. Many nonresponsive or partially responsive patients remained above homocysteine targets. Earlier detection and treatment were associated with fewer major complications.
Narrative review. Reviews betaine alongside dietary restriction, vitamin therapy and experimental molecular treatments.
Clinical narrative review. Distinguishes CBS deficiency from remethylation disorders and explains why betaine, diet and B12 have different roles across diagnoses.
Narrative review. Summarizes the limitations of existing care and the development of metabolic and molecular therapies.
Clinical case series. Adding betaine produced further biochemical control after a partial vitamin response; no major organ toxicity was reported in this small series.
Original sources: PubMed
Indexed case report; abstract unavailable. The indexed record verifies the publication and citation, but supplies no abstract. A quantitative effect or complete treatment result is not established from this record alone.
Randomized crossover controlled trial. Betaine HCl reversed much of the reduction in dasatinib exposure caused by rabeprazole under the tested conditions.
Randomized crossover controlled trial. Betaine HCl did not adequately restore atazanavir exposure during rabeprazole treatment with food.
Randomized open-label crossover RCT. The 4.5 g dose shortened the return to baseline stomach pH after food; overall pH exposure did not clearly differ across treatments.
Narrative review. Reviews the rationale for acid supplementation and the limited direct clinical evidence supporting it.
Controlled crossover trial. Several subjective dry-mouth symptoms improved with betaine toothpaste, without clear changes in oral microbes or mucosal appearance.
Randomized crossover controlled trial. The detergent-free betaine toothpaste relieved some dry-mouth symptoms more often than several comparators.
Original sources: PubMed
Randomized controlled oral-mucosa experiment. Betaine reduced irritation under one sodium-lauryl-sulfate condition but not consistently across detergent concentrations or types.
Randomized double-blind crossover experiment. Adding betaine did not reduce irritation from the tested SLS toothpaste, while the detergent-free formulation was nonirritating.
Original sources: PubMed
Randomized crossover local-treatment study. The product combination improved salivary flow, dry-mouth complaints and related quality of life.
Randomized open-label RCT. All three approaches improved symptoms and salivary measurements; satisfaction did not significantly differ among groups.
Randomized controlled trial. The test formula improved selected gingival-bleeding, biofilm and salivary measures.
Randomized controlled trial. Selected salivary IL-1beta and TNF-alpha comparisons favored the test formula; IL-4 did not show a significant between-group difference.
Randomized controlled trial. The test formulation improved the salivary nitrite-to-nitrate ratio. The elastase comparison with commercial toothpaste was borderline at P=0.050.
Randomized controlled skin patch experiment. Betaine-containing soaps were generally less irritating, but higher betaine concentration did not consistently reduce irritation further.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. A small IL-1beta reduction was observed with very high heterogeneity; CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha did not significantly improve.
Meta-analysis of prospective cohorts. Higher dietary betaine was not significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease in the pooled analysis.
Meta-analysis of observational studies. For betaine, highest-versus-lowest comparisons were not significant, while a per-standard-deviation analysis showed a positive cardiovascular association.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohorts. Dietary betaine was not significantly associated with incident type 2 diabetes; pooled relative risk was about 0.99.
Meta-analysis of observational studies. Higher dietary betaine was associated with lower cancer incidence in the pooled observational data.
Meta-analysis of observational studies. Higher betaine exposure was associated with somewhat lower cancer incidence, especially colorectal cancer; survival associations were not significant.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The analysis found little clear evidence that dietary betaine was associated with breast-cancer risk.
Design tiers organize different kinds of evidence; read the source-specific limitations before applying a result. The full library is curated by Biohack Blueprint. Each evidence record lists its editorial author and reviewers.
