Records 341–380 of 415. Open a study to inspect the full evidence record. Source links lead directly to the publication. Updated 19 October 2026.
Human observational and biomarker research (35) · Preclinical aging, brain and metabolic mechanisms (5)
Case-control diagnostic biomarker study. TMAO-pathway metabolite patterns, including higher betaine in some patient comparisons, helped distinguish groups with Parkinson disease and cognitive impairment.
Case-control kidney biomarker pilot. Betaine and related metabolites tracked kidney function, and a combined panel discriminated CKD in the studied sample.
Cross-sectional biomarker study. Betaine correlated with folate and homocysteine-related measures, illustrating interactions across one-carbon pathways.
Longitudinal pregnancy study. Betaine fell during early pregnancy and later became an important inverse predictor of homocysteine.
Cross-sectional methionine-challenge study. Higher betaine predicted a smaller post-load homocysteine rise, especially with low folate status.
Case-control diagnostic study. Betaine and related metabolites differed across diagnostic groups; a combined panel showed preliminary discriminatory value.
Observational drug-exposure comparison. Bezafibrate use was associated with unusually high urinary betaine loss, which correlated with homocysteine in selected groups.
Repeated-measure biomarker study. Individuals had relatively consistent urinary betaine excretion, with greater variation between people than within a person.
Cross-sectional genotype study. Higher plasma betaine was associated with lower BMI and weight mainly in men; other nutrient/genotype associations differed by sex.
Comparative clinical biomarker study. Urinary betaine was often elevated in diabetes and kidney disease; circulating and urinary patterns differed.
Cross-sectional clinical comparison. Betaine was related to cortisol and metabolic measures but not clearly to CRP, suggesting stress and inflammation are not interchangeable explanations.
Observational challenge study. Betaine levels and urinary losses were more variable in diabetes, and circulating betaine predicted post-load homocysteine responses.
Repeated-measure physiology study. Circulating glycine betaine showed individual stability despite fluid-balance challenges, unlike dietary proline betaine.
Cross-sectional metabolic study. Higher betaine was associated with lower phospholipid-transfer-protein activity and a more favorable selected lipid pattern.
Clinical assay-validation study. NMR could quantify urinary betaine and dimethylglycine with useful analytical performance in the studied samples.
Original sources: PubMed
Cross-sectional nutrition/genotype study. Higher betaine intake was associated with lower insulin and HOMA-IR, alongside several other nutrient/genotype associations.
Before-and-after patient study. Serum betaine fell after surgery while homocysteine remained elevated. The authors proposed testing supplementation, which this study did not do.
Comparative observational analysis. The correlation between urinary betaine loss and homocysteine was stronger in groups with elevated plasma lipids.
Case-control metabolomics study. Higher betaine, especially combined with lower TMAO, was associated with lower odds of acute myocardial infarction.
Case-control biomarker study. Betaine was elevated in active anorexia nervosa; nutrient and methylation associations differed among groups.
Cross-sectional clinical study. High urinary betaine loss was associated with some measures of poor glucose control and proximal-tubular dysfunction, but much variation remained unexplained.
Cross-sectional population study. Higher betaine was associated with a more favorable metabolic-risk profile, while choline often showed the opposite pattern.
Analytical validation with clinical application. The assay quantified TMAO, choline and betaine; the main reported prognostic association concerned choline.
Longitudinal clinical biomarker study. Abnormally high urinary betaine persisted for years in some patients.
Cross-sectional lipid-clinic study. Endocrine and metabolic predictors of betaine concentrations and urinary loss differed between men and women.
Cross-sectional study. Higher betaine intake was associated with lower blood pressure and selected combined-intake lipid measures, with many other outcomes null.
Observational secondary analysis of a nutrition RCT. Higher plasma betaine was associated with better visual-motor integration at age 2; betaine itself was not the randomized treatment.
Prospective community study. Higher serum betaine was associated with lower total and central adiposity, with stronger findings in men.
Prospective community study. Higher circulating betaine was associated with a greater lean-mass percentage and lower prevalence of low lean mass, particularly in men.
Observational secondary analysis within PREDIMED-Plus. Increases in dietary betaine were associated with favorable changes in weight, glycemia and selected lipids during a broader lifestyle trial.
Prospective cohort. A middle-high betaine-intake category was associated with greater coronary-disease risk, without a simple linear protective pattern.
Prospective CKD cohort. Higher plasma betaine was associated with worse cardiovascular and renal outcomes after adjustment; kidney function also affected metabolite concentrations.
Observational lifestyle-intervention analysis. Changes in choline and the betaine-to-choline ratio were associated with lipid, diet and microbiome changes during lifestyle treatment.
Matched observational drug comparison. Urinary betaine and dimethylglycine losses were substantially higher during bezafibrate treatment; supplementation benefit was proposed but not tested.
Observational secondary analysis of a vitamin RCT. Vitamin treatment changed homocysteine and betaine, but biochemical changes did not clearly improve cognition; a betaine-memory trend was not significant.
Experimental animal and/or laboratory research. Acute hyperglycemia did not directly raise betaine excretion in this animal experiment.
Experimental animal and/or laboratory research. Betaine improved selected muscle and mitochondrial measures, with experiments implicating YY1-mediated suppression of Mss51.
Experimental animal and/or laboratory research. The authors proposed that BHMT, FTO and RNA methylation influence PGC1alpha expression and liver-lipid accumulation during betaine exposure.
Experimental animal and/or laboratory research. Betaine reduced diet-induced liver-fat accumulation and altered SAM-related one-carbon metabolism in rats.
Experimental animal and/or laboratory research. Inflammasome and oxidative-stress signals were reduced, with evidence involving FOXO1 and TXNIP interactions.
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