Tier 4 — mechanistic

Betaine regulates the gut-liver axis: a therapeutic approach for chronic liver diseases

Sathish Kumar Perumal, Madan Kumar Arumugam, Natalia A Osna, Karuna Rasineni, Kusum K Kharbanda
Frontiers in nutrition 2025 12:1478542

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 40196019
PubMed Central
PMC11973089
DOI
10.3389/fnut.2025.1478542
Funding
Reported funding/support: The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the National Institute of Health grants R01 AA026723 (KK), R01 AA028504 (KR), P50 AA030407-1531 (KK), and Merit Review grant I01BX006064 (KK) from the US Department of Veterans Affairs, Biomedical Laboratory Research, and Development Service.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Study snapshot

DesignNarrative review
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
SamplePublished literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort
InterventionReview of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention
DurationEvidence review; source-specific study durations vary
EndpointsBetaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2025, this source examined mechanistic and clinical reviews. Its evidence base was Published literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort. It evaluated Review of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention across Evidence review; source-specific study durations vary.

Reviews a gut-liver hypothesis linking betaine, intestinal barrier function and chronic liver injury.

Much of the support is experimental. The review does not establish a proven treatment for MASLD, alcohol-related liver disease or inflammatory bowel disease.

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Key findings

  • Reviews a gut-liver hypothesis linking betaine, intestinal barrier function and chronic liver injury.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Betaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Much of the support is experimental. The review does not establish a proven treatment for MASLD, alcohol-related liver disease or inflammatory bowel disease.
  • The conclusions inherit the limitations of the underlying studies. A narrative interpretation or guideline recommendation is not a new randomized treatment comparison.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Andrew S Lim et al. · Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026
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Betaine in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential
Tatjana Radosavljevic et al. · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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Metabolic Effects of Betaine: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Betaine Supplementation in Prediabetes
Ana Maria Grizales et al. · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018
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Decoding Betaine: A Critical Analysis of Therapeutic Potential Compared with Marketing Hype-A Narrative Review
Grzegorz Nikrandt et al. · The Journal of nutrition · 2024
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Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review
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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology