Records 301–340 of 415. Open a study to inspect the full evidence record. Source links lead directly to the publication. Updated 19 October 2026.
Human observational and biomarker research (40)
Nested case-control study. The choline-to-betaine ratio partly statistically mediated an association between a PEMT variant and digestive-system cancer.
Three prospective cohort analyses. Circulating and dietary betaine were not consistently associated with atrial-fibrillation risk; the clearest associations concerned choline.
Before-and-after drug study. Fenofibrate increased urinary betaine loss about threefold without a comparable rise in most other osmolytes.
Prospective cohort. Dietary betaine was not significantly associated with new type 2 diabetes, including subgroup analyses.
Cross-sectional study. Higher serum betaine was associated with lower adiposity measures mainly in men, with weaker or absent findings in women.
Case-control biomarker study. Higher serum betaine was associated with lower breast-cancer odds, particularly at lower folate intake.
Case-control study. Lower methyl-donor intake was associated with visceral-obesity-related steatosis, and combined choline/betaine intake showed an inverse association.
Cross-sectional study. Betaine intake had mixed anthropometric associations and favorable selected lipid associations, with exploratory physical-activity interactions.
Two nested case-control studies. Higher serum betaine was associated with greater total and lung-cancer risk, with a nonlinear pattern for digestive cancers.
Prospective cohort. Higher serum betaine was associated with favorable blood pressure; hypertension associations were nonlinear and depended on baseline concentration.
Case-control genetic interaction study. The main reported genotype interactions concerned choline intake; these findings do not establish a betaine-treatment effect.
Matched case-control study. Higher betaine and choline intake was associated with lower nasopharyngeal-cancer odds.
Prospective cohort. Higher baseline betaine was associated with more favorable body-composition changes, especially among men with relatively low initial levels.
Cross-sectional study. Lower betaine was associated with greater insulin resistance, while other choline-pathway metabolites had different cardiometabolic patterns.
Pregnancy cohort analysis. Maternal betaine was not associated with antenatal depression/anxiety or postnatal mental well-being.
Prospective mother-infant cohort. Higher maternal and cord-blood betaine was associated with lower birthweight; subgroup interaction evidence was not conclusive.
Prospective pregnancy cohort. Higher early-pregnancy maternal betaine and choline were associated with better infant cognitive-test scores.
Nested case-control study. Serum betaine was not significantly associated with colorectal-cancer risk; the positive association concerned choline.
Prospective cohort. Habitual dietary betaine was not significantly associated with cardiovascular-disease risk.
Multicenter case-control study. Combined choline-plus-betaine intake was associated with lower odds of first demyelination in women, with no clear association in men.
Prospective birth cohort. Higher maternal betaine was associated with smaller infant size and less abdominal fat, including higher small-for-gestational-age odds.
Prospective mother-child cohort. Maternal betaine was not significantly associated with birth measurements but was associated with higher weight/adiposity measures later in childhood.
Prospective cohort. Higher dietary betaine was associated with less loss of selected limb-muscle measurements.
Prospective twin-pregnancy cohort. Higher maternal plasma betaine was associated with lower gestational-diabetes risk in dichorionic twin pregnancies.
Comparative observational cohorts. The relationship between urinary betaine loss and homocysteine differed with lipid levels and medication context.
Nested case-control study. Betaine was lower in future diabetes cases, but the adjusted diabetes association was not significant; inverse insulin-resistance correlations remained.
Prospective cohort. Higher serum betaine was associated with lower uric acid and selected hyperuricemia comparisons; the overall quartile trend was borderline.
Prospective birth cohort. Higher milk betaine was associated with better scores in several developmental domains; exploratory mixture modelling especially highlighted fine-motor scores.
Prospective post-stroke cohort analysis. Lower baseline betaine was associated with less favorable neurological-recovery trajectories.
Case-control pregnancy study. Overall betaine intake was not significantly associated with gestational diabetes; an inverse association appeared in a parity subgroup.
Cross-sectional dietary study. The highest dietary-betaine group had lower odds of overweight/obesity; cereals supplied most estimated intake.
Cross-sectional study. Women classified with fatty liver had lower betaine, choline and glutathione concentrations.
Prospective cohort. Dietary betaine and choline were not significantly associated with colorectal-cancer incidence.
Prospective pregnancy study. Higher maternal betaine was associated with lower infant birthweight, particularly in selected sex/homocysteine subgroups.
Cross-sectional study. Higher dietary choline/betaine was associated with lower insulin resistance; some male associations weakened after adjustment for trunk fat.
Prospective endoscopy cohort. Betaine intake had a nonlinear inverse association with adenoma; the highest-versus-lowest comparison and overall trend were not clearly significant.
Discordant identical-twin case series. The twin with less severe macular degeneration tended to have higher dietary betaine intake in the disease-stage comparison.
Prospective patient biomarker analysis. Greater urinary betaine loss was associated with existing diabetes and subsequent diabetes development.
Case-control biomarker study. Lower blood betaine and global DNA hypomethylation were observed in schizophrenia, with correlations between the measures.
Population-based cancer survival study. Higher betaine and selected choline intakes were associated with lower mortality after breast-cancer diagnosis.
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