Tier 4 — mechanistic

Implications of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and Betaine in Human Health: Beyond Being Osmoprotective Compounds

Ashal Ilyas, Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe, Ilyas Khan, Nourhan M El Samaloty, Mohd Adnan, Tanveer Ali Dar, Nitesh Kumar Poddar, Laishram R Singh, Hemlata Sharma, Shahanavaj Khan
Frontiers in molecular biosciences 2022 9:964624

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 36310589
PubMed Central
PMC9601739
DOI
10.3389/fmolb.2022.964624
Funding
Reported funding/support: Majmaah University 10.13039/501100007613 FundingThe current work is supported by the Research Center, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Study snapshot

DesignNarrative review
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
SamplePublished literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort
InterventionReview of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention
DurationEvidence review; source-specific study durations vary
EndpointsBetaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2022, this source examined mechanistic and clinical reviews. Its evidence base was Published literature; no newly enrolled participant cohort. It evaluated Review of betaine-related evidence; no single assigned intervention across Evidence review; source-specific study durations vary.

Contrasts TMAO and betaine biology, including osmotic, methylation and biomarker roles.

The two metabolites have different pathways and associations; TMAO risk cannot be directly assigned to every betaine exposure.

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Key findings

  • Contrasts TMAO and betaine biology, including osmotic, methylation and biomarker roles.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Betaine biology; Clinical and mechanistic evidence.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • The two metabolites have different pathways and associations; TMAO risk cannot be directly assigned to every betaine exposure.
  • The conclusions inherit the limitations of the underlying studies. A narrative interpretation or guideline recommendation is not a new randomized treatment comparison.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Betaine in human nutrition
Stuart A S Craig et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology