Records 261–300 of 415. Open a study to inspect the full evidence record. Source links lead directly to the publication. Updated 19 October 2026.
Human observational and biomarker research (40)
Prospective observational cohort. Higher betaine predicted more events in patients with diabetes, whereas lower betaine predicted some events in those without diabetes.
Cross-sectional cohort analysis. Higher circulating betaine was associated with lower ambulatory blood pressure, mainly in women.
Cross-sectional study. The clearest cognitive association concerned choline; low betaine combined with high methylmalonic acid was associated with poorer performance on one memory measure.
Prospective cohort. Dietary betaine was not associated with lower breast-cancer risk.
Cohort biomarker comparison. Betaine was elevated with greater cirrhosis severity and fell after transplantation; it did not independently predict waiting-list mortality.
Case-control birth study. Higher cord-blood betaine was associated with smaller birth size and small-for-gestational-age status.
Original sources: PubMed
Prospective cohort. Dietary betaine was not significantly associated with incident hypertension; findings for choline differed.
Prospective cohort. Total dietary choline and betaine were not associated with incident cardiovascular disease.
Nested case-control study. Serum betaine showed a U-shaped association with first ischemic stroke, rather than a simple higher-is-better pattern.
Prospective cohort analysis within PREDIMED-Plus. Higher dietary betaine was associated with modest improvements in selected cognitive domains, including language.
Longitudinal cohort analysis. Dietary betaine had small and inconsistent associations with verbal-memory trajectories, with no clear association in premenopausal women.
Prospective cohort. Higher choline-plus-betaine intake was not significantly protective against incident coronary heart disease.
Nested case-control study. Higher plasma betaine was associated with fewer recurrent cardiovascular events and strokes in this patient population.
Cross-sectional study. Betaine intake was not significantly related to depression, anxiety or psychological distress after adjustment.
Prospective cohort. Dietary betaine was not associated with all-cause mortality in either sex, despite associations for some choline measures.
Prospective cohorts and nested case-control analyses. Dietary betaine and choline were not consistently associated with peripheral-artery disease, unlike some sex-specific homocysteine and folate findings.
Prospective cohorts. Dietary betaine and choline were not associated with epithelial ovarian-cancer risk.
Repeated biomarker study. Betaine concentrations were more stable within individuals over a year than TMAO concentrations.
Two-stage case-control study. Higher betaine and choline intake was associated with lower breast-cancer odds in this population.
Cross-sectional patient cohort. Lower plasma betaine correlated with less favorable lipid profiles; statin and fibrate use showed different betaine patterns.
Case-control study. The lowest odds occurred with a dietary pattern high in choline, betaine and methionine, rather than an isolated betaine intervention.
Prospective cohort. Dietary betaine was not significantly associated with diabetes incidence; the nonlinear findings concerned choline.
Cross-sectional study. Higher dietary choline and betaine were associated with more favorable body-composition measures.
Prospective cohort with assay validation. Higher circulating betaine was associated with lower subsequent type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment.
Case-control study. Betaine intake was not significantly associated with colorectal-cancer odds; some choline measures showed inverse associations.
Prospective cohort. Dietary betaine was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes incidence overall.
Matched case-control study. Higher estimated betaine intake was associated with lower primary liver-cancer odds.
Cross-sectional study. Betaine alone was not significantly associated with homocysteine; combined choline-plus-betaine intake showed an inverse trend dependent on nutritional context.
Cross-sectional study. Higher betaine intake was associated with lower homocysteine and TNF-alpha; the CRP comparison was weaker and not conventionally significant.
Prospective cohort. The analysis assessed eggs and methyl-donor nutrients; its main reported diabetes associations concerned eggs, cholesterol and choline rather than a tested betaine treatment.
Cross-sectional study. Most body-size comparisons were null; selected betaine associations concerned mid-arm circumference and overweight classification.
Prospective patient cohort. Higher dietary betaine was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality, while the fully adjusted all-cause mortality association was not significant.
Case-control study. Higher betaine intake was associated with lower lung-cancer odds among current or former smokers, but not never-smokers.
Prospective cohort. Betaine intake was inversely associated with lethal but not total prostate cancer; findings did not show better survival after diagnosis.
Prospective birth cohort. Higher late-pregnancy betaine was associated with greater early weight gain and some later overweight measures, particularly in boys.
Cross-sectional metabolomics study. Higher serum betaine emerged as a possible pre-frailty signature in women.
Prospective cohort. Overall there was no clear consistent link with cardiovascular mortality; selected coronary-mortality categories in men were lower without a significant dose trend.
Prospective cohort. Higher dietary betaine was associated with lower all-cause mortality in women but not men.
Cross-sectional study. Higher serum betaine was associated with more favorable lipid and insulin-resistance measures, with sex-specific patterns.
Prospective cohort. Higher serum betaine was associated with lower diabetes risk, with exploratory interactions involving selected MTHFR variants.
Design tiers organize different kinds of evidence; read the source-specific limitations before applying a result. The full library is curated by Biohack Blueprint. Each evidence record lists its editorial author and reviewers.
