Tier 4 — mechanistic

Sex differences in the control of plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of glycine betaine in patients attending a lipid disorders clinic

Michael Lever, Wendy Atkinson, Peter M George, Stephen T Chambers
Clinical biochemistry 2007 40(16-17):1225-1231

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 17706956
DOI
10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.05.021
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignCross-sectional lipid-clinic study
ModelHuman participants
SampleMen and women attending a lipid-disorders clinic
InterventionMeasured betaine status and related metabolites; no randomized TMG treatment
DurationSingle endocrine and metabolite assessment
EndpointsSex differences; Endocrine control; Betaine loss

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2007, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. Design: Cross-sectional lipid-clinic study. Sample/model: Men and women attending a lipid-disorders clinic. The exposure or intervention was Measured betaine status and related metabolites; no randomized TMG treatment. Follow-up or treatment period: Single endocrine and metabolite assessment.

Endocrine and metabolic predictors of betaine concentrations and urinary loss differed between men and women.

Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.

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Key findings

  • Endocrine and metabolic predictors of betaine concentrations and urinary loss differed between men and women.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Sex differences; Endocrine control; Betaine loss.
  • The exposure was observed rather than assigned as an isolated supplement treatment.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.
  • Confounding, dietary patterns, illness, medication use and reverse causation can influence an association. Blood or dietary concentrations do not identify the effect of starting a capsule.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Editorial review

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology