One-year longitudinal association between changes in dietary choline or betaine intake and cardiometabolic variables in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) trial
Laura Díez-Ricote, Rodrigo San-Cristobal, M José Concejo, Miguel Á Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Albert Goday, J Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José López-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J Tinahones, José Lapetra, Lluís Serra-Majem, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, Josep A Tur, Vicente Martín Sánchez, Xavier Pintó, José J Gaforio, Pilar Matía-Martín, Josep Vidal, Sebastián Mas Fontao, Emilio Ros, Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz, Carolina Ortega-Azorín, Jesús F García-Gavilán, Mireia Malcampo, Diego Martínez-Urbistondo, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Antonio García Rodríguez, Nuria Gómez-Bellvert, Alice Chaplin, Antonio García-Ríos, Rosa M Bernal-López, José M Santos-Lozano, Javier Basterra-Gortari, José V Sorlí, Michelle Murphy, Griselda Gasulla, Víctor Micó, Itziar Salaverria-Lete, Estibaliz Goñi Ochandorena, Nancy Babio, Xavier Herraiz, José M Ordovás, Lidia Daimiel
The American journal of clinical nutrition·2022·116(6):1565-1579
Reported funding/support: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación10.13039/501100004837 RTI2018-095569-B-I00PCI2018-093009FJC2018-038168-I European Research Council10.13039/100010663 #340918 CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición10.13039/501100012514 Instituto de Salud Carlos III10.13039/501100004587 European Regional Development Fund10.13039/501100008530 2013ACUP00194 Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies10.13039/501100003741 Government of Navarra Department of Health 61/2015 Fundació la Marató de TV310.13039/100008666 201630.10 Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía10.13039/501100010566 PI0458/2013PS0358/2016PI0137/2018 Generalitat Valenciana10.13039/501100003359 PROMETEO/2017/017 FEDER10.13039/501100002924 35/2011 Instituto Danone10.13039/501100011584 Amgen10.13039/100002429 Sanofi10.13039/100004339 MSD10.13039/100007054 Novo Nordisk10.13039/501100004191
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.
Study snapshot
Design
Observational secondary analysis within PREDIMED-Plus
Model
Human participants
Sample
5613 participants; renal-function subset 3367
Intervention
Habitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment
Duration
1 year
Endpoints
Weight; Glucose; Lipids
What the study showed, in plain terms
Published in 2022, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. Design: Observational secondary analysis within PREDIMED-Plus. Sample/model: 5613 participants; renal-function subset 3367. The exposure or intervention was Habitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment. Follow-up or treatment period: 1 year.
Increases in dietary betaine were associated with favorable changes in weight, glycemia and selected lipids during a broader lifestyle trial.
Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome. The randomized parent intervention did not randomly assign the betaine exposure examined here.
Increases in dietary betaine were associated with favorable changes in weight, glycemia and selected lipids during a broader lifestyle trial.
The recorded outcome domains were Weight; Glucose; Lipids.
The exposure was observed rather than assigned as an isolated supplement treatment.
What this study can and cannot tell us
Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome. The randomized parent intervention did not randomly assign the betaine exposure examined here.
Confounding, dietary patterns, illness, medication use and reverse causation can influence an association. Blood or dietary concentrations do not identify the effect of starting a capsule.
Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.
