Tier 4 — mechanistic

Dietary choline and betaine intake, cardio-metabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults

Mohammad Sadegh Pour Abbasi, Ayda Zahiri Tousi, Yalda Yazdani, Sahar Vahdat, Farshad Gharebakhshi, Negin Nikrad, Ali Manzouri, Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani, Faria Jafarzadeh
BMC endocrine disorders 2023 23(1):67

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 36973700
PubMed Central
PMC10041695
DOI
10.1186/s12902-023-01323-4
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: None.

Study snapshot

DesignCross-sectional study
ModelHuman participants
Sample359 adults with overweight or obesity
InterventionHabitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment
DurationDietary and cardiometabolic assessment
EndpointsBlood pressure; Lipids; Metabolic syndrome

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2023, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. Design: Cross-sectional study. Sample/model: 359 adults with overweight or obesity. The exposure or intervention was Habitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment. Follow-up or treatment period: Dietary and cardiometabolic assessment.

Higher betaine intake was associated with lower blood pressure and selected combined-intake lipid measures, with many other outcomes null.

Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.

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Key findings

  • Higher betaine intake was associated with lower blood pressure and selected combined-intake lipid measures, with many other outcomes null.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Blood pressure; Lipids; Metabolic syndrome.
  • The exposure was observed rather than assigned as an isolated supplement treatment.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.
  • Confounding, dietary patterns, illness, medication use and reverse causation can influence an association. Blood or dietary concentrations do not identify the effect of starting a capsule.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

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Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Katie A Meyer et al. · Nutrients · 2017
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Dietary Choline and Betaine Are Not Associated With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Elham Sharifi-Zahabi et al. · Journal of diabetes research · 2026
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Association of choline and betaine with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Meta-analysis
Qinglin Yang et al. · European journal of clinical investigation · 2023
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Association of choline and betaine levels with cancer incidence and survival: A meta-analysis
Jiyoung Youn et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology