Tier 4 — mechanistic

Choline and betaine consumption lowers cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Shanwen Sun, Xiao Li, Anjing Ren, Mulong Du, Haina Du, Yongqian Shu, Lingjun Zhu, Wei Wang
Scientific reports 2016 6:35547

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 27759060
PubMed Central
PMC5069558
DOI
10.1038/srep35547
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignMeta-analysis of observational studies
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
Sample11 articles across cancer outcomes
InterventionHabitual choline and betaine intake
DurationSearch through March 2016
EndpointsCancer incidence; Dietary methyl donors

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2016, this source examined safety assessments and evidence synthesis. Its evidence base was 11 articles across cancer outcomes. It evaluated Habitual choline and betaine intake across Search through March 2016.

Higher dietary betaine was associated with lower cancer incidence in the pooled observational data.

Association is not proof of prevention; case-control bias, mixed cancer types and correlated dietary factors limit interpretation.

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Key findings

  • Higher dietary betaine was associated with lower cancer incidence in the pooled observational data.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Cancer incidence; Dietary methyl donors.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Association is not proof of prevention; case-control bias, mixed cancer types and correlated dietary factors limit interpretation.
  • Observational human evidence synthesis. Pooling associations does not convert dietary intake or circulating biomarkers into a randomized effect of taking TMG.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology