Tier 1 — highest

Effects of betaine supplementation on inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Jiaoyang Xu, Zizheng Nie, Xinyi Qiu, Jianyun Zhang, Shufen Han
International journal of food sciences and nutrition 2023 74(7):721-729

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 37733077
DOI
10.1080/09637486.2023.2257906
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
Sample6 RCTs, 7 intervention comparisons; 277 participants
InterventionBetaine versus controls
DurationSearch through March 2023
EndpointsIL-1beta; CRP; IL-6; TNF-alpha

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2023, this source examined safety assessments and evidence synthesis. Its evidence base was 6 RCTs, 7 intervention comparisons; 277 participants. It evaluated Betaine versus controls across Search through March 2023.

A small IL-1beta reduction was observed with very high heterogeneity; CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha did not significantly improve.

The authors considered the evidence insufficient to conclude that betaine improves overall inflammation.

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Key findings

  • A small IL-1beta reduction was observed with very high heterogeneity; CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha did not significantly improve.
  • The recorded outcome domains were IL-1beta; CRP; IL-6; TNF-alpha.
  • This synthesis reuses the included study populations; it is not an additional randomized participant cohort.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • The authors considered the evidence insufficient to conclude that betaine improves overall inflammation.
  • Pooled estimates depend on the included trials and may share participants with companion publications or other reviews. A statistically significant surrogate outcome does not establish disease prevention.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Emilia E Zawieja et al. · Journal of dietary supplements · 2021
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Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017
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Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (EFSA NDA Panel) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019
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Editorial review

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology