Tier 4 — mechanistic

Association of choline and betaine with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Meta-analysis

Qinglin Yang, Hua Han, Zhongming Sun, Lu Liu, Xingting Zheng, Zeyu Meng, Na Tao, Jun Liu
European journal of clinical investigation 2023 53(10):e14041

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 37318151
DOI
10.1111/eci.14041
Funding
Indexed grant support: QKHJCZK[2022]YB598 — Guizhou Provincial Natural Science Foundation; QKHJCZK[2023]YB503 — Guizhou Provincial Natural Science Foundation; 82060595 — National Natural Science Foundation of China. The indexed list may not contain the complete funding declaration.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignMeta-analysis of observational studies
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
Sample17 studies; 33009 participants
InterventionCirculating choline and betaine concentrations
DurationSearch through March 2022
EndpointsCardiovascular events; All-cause mortality

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2023, this source examined safety assessments and evidence synthesis. Its evidence base was 17 studies; 33009 participants. It evaluated Circulating choline and betaine concentrations across Search through March 2022.

For betaine, highest-versus-lowest comparisons were not significant, while a per-standard-deviation analysis showed a positive cardiovascular association.

Results depended on exposure modelling and population context. Blood betaine may reflect disease or kidney function rather than supplement effects.

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Key findings

  • For betaine, highest-versus-lowest comparisons were not significant, while a per-standard-deviation analysis showed a positive cardiovascular association.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Cardiovascular events; All-cause mortality.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Results depended on exposure modelling and population context. Blood betaine may reflect disease or kidney function rather than supplement effects.
  • Observational human evidence synthesis. Pooling associations does not convert dietary intake or circulating biomarkers into a randomized effect of taking TMG.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

Tier 1
Effects of betaine supplementation on cardiovascular markers: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Damoon Ashtary-Larky et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2022
Tier 1
Betaine Supplementation Moderately Increases Total Cholesterol Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Emilia E Zawieja et al. · Journal of dietary supplements · 2021
Tier 2
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017
Tier 2
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (EFSA NDA Panel) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019
Tier 4
Postauthorization safety study of betaine anhydrous
Ulrike Mütze et al. · Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2022

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology