Tier 4 — mechanistic

Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Katie A Meyer, Jonathan W Shea
Nutrients 2017 9(7):711

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 28686188
PubMed Central
PMC5537826
DOI
10.3390/nu9070711
Funding
Indexed grant support: K01 HL127159 — NHLBI NIH HHS — United States; P30 DK056350 — NIDDK NIH HHS — United States. The indexed list may not contain the complete funding declaration.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: K.A.M. received a research grant from the Egg Nutrition Center (ENC) in 2015–2016. The ENC grant supported work distinct from the present paper, though eggs are a choline-rich food and the findings of this meta-analysis relate to the general research mission of the ENC. J.W.S. declares no conflict of interest.

Study snapshot

DesignMeta-analysis of prospective cohorts
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
Sample6 studies; 184010 participants
InterventionDietary choline and betaine intake
DurationProspective follow-up varying by cohort
EndpointsCardiovascular events; Cardiovascular mortality

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2017, this source examined safety assessments and evidence synthesis. Its evidence base was 6 studies; 184010 participants. It evaluated Dietary choline and betaine intake across Prospective follow-up varying by cohort.

Higher dietary betaine was not significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease in the pooled analysis.

Observational food-intake evidence, not a supplementation trial; measurement error and confounding remain.

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Key findings

  • Higher dietary betaine was not significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease in the pooled analysis.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Cardiovascular events; Cardiovascular mortality.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational food-intake evidence, not a supplementation trial; measurement error and confounding remain.
  • Observational human evidence synthesis. Pooling associations does not convert dietary intake or circulating biomarkers into a randomized effect of taking TMG.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

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Effects of betaine supplementation on cardiovascular markers: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
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Betaine Supplementation Moderately Increases Total Cholesterol Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Emilia E Zawieja et al. · Journal of dietary supplements · 2021
Tier 2
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017
Tier 2
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (EFSA NDA Panel) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019
Tier 4
Postauthorization safety study of betaine anhydrous
Ulrike Mütze et al. · Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2022

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology