Tier 4 — mechanistic

Dietary betaine intake and risk of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: the prospective Guangdong Coronary Artery Disease Cohort

Si Liu, Dongjin Wang, Bo Li, Kai Li, Xin Dai, Lokyu Cheng, Jing Wang, Ting Huang, Yue Tang, Yunjun Xiao
The British journal of nutrition 2023 130(1):10-19

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 36348572
DOI
10.1017/S0007114522002975
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignProspective patient cohort
ModelHuman participants
Sample1292 coronary-disease patients
InterventionHabitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment
DurationMedian 9.2 years
EndpointsCardiovascular mortality; All-cause mortality

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2023, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. It examined Habitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment. The source describes 1292 coronary-disease patients.

Higher dietary betaine was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality, while the fully adjusted all-cause mortality association was not significant.

Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.

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Key findings

  • Higher dietary betaine was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality, while the fully adjusted all-cause mortality association was not significant.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Cardiovascular mortality; All-cause mortality.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

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Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
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Dietary Choline and Betaine Are Not Associated With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Elham Sharifi-Zahabi et al. · Journal of diabetes research · 2026
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Association of choline and betaine with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Meta-analysis
Qinglin Yang et al. · European journal of clinical investigation · 2023
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Association of choline and betaine levels with cancer incidence and survival: A meta-analysis
Jiyoung Youn et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology