Tier 4 — mechanistic

Dietary Intakes of Choline and Betaine and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani, Glareh Koochakpoor, Mahdieh Golzarand, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders 2023 21(10):573-580

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 37816243
DOI
10.1089/met.2023.0096
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignProspective cohort
ModelHuman participants
Sample6022 Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants
InterventionHabitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment
DurationProspective diabetes follow-up
EndpointsDiabetes incidence

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2023, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. Design: Prospective cohort. Sample/model: 6022 Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants. The exposure or intervention was Habitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment. Follow-up or treatment period: Prospective diabetes follow-up.

Dietary betaine was not significantly associated with new type 2 diabetes, including subgroup analyses.

Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.

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Key findings

  • Dietary betaine was not significantly associated with new type 2 diabetes, including subgroup analyses.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Diabetes incidence.
  • The exposure was observed rather than assigned as an isolated supplement treatment.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.
  • Confounding, dietary patterns, illness, medication use and reverse causation can influence an association. Blood or dietary concentrations do not identify the effect of starting a capsule.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

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Dietary Choline and Betaine Are Not Associated With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
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Tier 2
Metabolic Effects of Betaine: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Betaine Supplementation in Prediabetes
Ana Maria Grizales et al. · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018
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High Betaine, a Trimethylamine N-Oxide Related Metabolite, Is Prospectively Associated with Low Future Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the PREVEND Study
Erwin Garcia et al. · Journal of clinical medicine · 2019
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Associations between Serum Betaine, Methyl-Metabolizing Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study in Community-Dwelling Chinese Adults
Xiaoting Lu et al. · Nutrients · 2022
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Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Katie A Meyer et al. · Nutrients · 2017
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Association of choline and betaine with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Meta-analysis
Qinglin Yang et al. · European journal of clinical investigation · 2023

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology