Tier 4 — mechanistic

High dietary choline and betaine intake is associated with low insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population

Xiang Gao, Yongbo Wang, Guang Sun
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 2017 33:28-34

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 27908547
DOI
10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.005
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignCross-sectional study
ModelHuman participants
Sample2394 CODING participants
InterventionHabitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment
DurationDiet and metabolic assessment
EndpointsInsulin resistance; Adiposity

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2017, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. Design: Cross-sectional study. Sample/model: 2394 CODING participants. The exposure or intervention was Habitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment. Follow-up or treatment period: Diet and metabolic assessment.

Higher dietary choline/betaine was associated with lower insulin resistance; some male associations weakened after adjustment for trunk fat.

Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.

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Key findings

  • Higher dietary choline/betaine was associated with lower insulin resistance; some male associations weakened after adjustment for trunk fat.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Insulin resistance; Adiposity.
  • The exposure was observed rather than assigned as an isolated supplement treatment.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.
  • Confounding, dietary patterns, illness, medication use and reverse causation can influence an association. Blood or dietary concentrations do not identify the effect of starting a capsule.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology