Tier 4 — mechanistic

Maternal Plasma Betaine in Middle Pregnancy Was Associated with Decreased Risk of GDM in Twin Pregnancy: A Cohort Study

Xiaoli Gong, Yufeng Du, Xiaona Li, Jing Yang, Xinyuan Zhang, Yuan Wei, Yangyu Zhao
Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 2021 14:2495-2504

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 34113141
PubMed Central
PMC8184138
DOI
10.2147/DMSO.S312334
Funding
Reported funding/support: National Key R&D Program of ChinaNational Key R&D Program of ChinaThis work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1002900), and National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1000400).
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Study snapshot

DesignProspective twin-pregnancy cohort
ModelHuman participants
Sample187 pregnancies; 57 gestational-diabetes cases
InterventionMeasured betaine status and related metabolites; no randomized TMG treatment
DurationSecond trimester through diabetes screening
EndpointsGestational diabetes; Twin pregnancy

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2021, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. It examined Measured betaine status and related metabolites; no randomized TMG treatment. The source describes 187 pregnancies; 57 gestational-diabetes cases.

Higher maternal plasma betaine was associated with lower gestational-diabetes risk in dichorionic twin pregnancies.

Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.

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Key findings

  • Higher maternal plasma betaine was associated with lower gestational-diabetes risk in dichorionic twin pregnancies.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Gestational diabetes; Twin pregnancy.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology