Tier 4 — mechanistic

Association Between Dietary Betaine Intake and Dyslipidemia in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Peiliang Chen, Zhitong Xu, Chengping Li, Lianlong Yu, Qianrang Zhu, Zhihao Li, Tao Liu, Dan Liu, Chen Mao
Nutrients 2025 17(10):1742

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 40431481
PubMed Central
PMC12113887
DOI
10.3390/nu17101742
Funding
Reported funding/support: National Natural Science Foundation of China821735888200344382204115China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF)2024M761347Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSFGZC20231051Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme2019Construction of High-level University of GuangdongG623330580G624330422This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173588, 82003443, 82204115), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF) (2024M761347), the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZC20231051), the Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme (2019), and the Construction of High-level University of Guangdong (G623330580, G624330422).
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Study snapshot

DesignCross-sectional study
ModelHuman participants
Sample11452 Chinese children and adolescents
InterventionHabitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment
Duration2016-2018 survey
EndpointsDyslipidemia; Dietary sources

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2025, this source examined human observational and biomarker research. Design: Cross-sectional study. Sample/model: 11452 Chinese children and adolescents. The exposure or intervention was Habitual dietary choline and/or betaine intake; no randomized TMG treatment. Follow-up or treatment period: 2016-2018 survey.

Higher dietary betaine, particularly from plant foods, was associated with lower odds of selected lipid abnormalities.

Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.

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Key findings

  • Higher dietary betaine, particularly from plant foods, was associated with lower odds of selected lipid abnormalities.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Dyslipidemia; Dietary sources.
  • The exposure was observed rather than assigned as an isolated supplement treatment.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Observational exposure analysis: residual confounding and reverse causation remain possible. Associations do not establish that betaine supplementation causes the same outcome.
  • Confounding, dietary patterns, illness, medication use and reverse causation can influence an association. Blood or dietary concentrations do not identify the effect of starting a capsule.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

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Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Katie A Meyer et al. · Nutrients · 2017
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Dietary Choline and Betaine Are Not Associated With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Elham Sharifi-Zahabi et al. · Journal of diabetes research · 2026
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Association of choline and betaine with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Meta-analysis
Qinglin Yang et al. · European journal of clinical investigation · 2023
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Association of choline and betaine levels with cancer incidence and survival: A meta-analysis
Jiyoung Youn et al. · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology