Tier 2 — strong

Betaine supplementation has no effect on sex hormones in premenopausal women with overweight or obesity: A randomized controlled trial

Emilia Zawieja, Monika Młodzik-Czyzewska, Agata Chmurzynska
Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2026 75:103610

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 42498161
DOI
10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103610
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: Competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Study snapshot

DesignRandomized controlled trial
ModelHuman participants
Sample36 premenopausal women with overweight or obesity in this hormone analysis
InterventionBetaine 3 g/day versus placebo
Duration8 weeks
EndpointsSex hormones; Cortisol

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2026, this source examined exercise performance and body composition. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Sample/model: 36 premenopausal women with overweight or obesity in this hormone analysis. The exposure or intervention was Betaine 3 g/day versus placebo. Follow-up or treatment period: 8 weeks.

No significant treatment-by-time effects were detected for testosterone, estradiol, DHEA-S, SHBG or cortisol.

Short modest-size analysis. This shares a registered trial with the mitochondrial/redox report, which analyzed a different participant subset. These outcome reports share registration NCT06344377 and use different analytic samples.

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Key findings

  • No significant treatment-by-time effects were detected for testosterone, estradiol, DHEA-S, SHBG or cortisol.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Sex hormones; Cortisol.
  • The result applies to the tested exposure: Betaine 3 g/day versus placebo; 8 weeks.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Short modest-size analysis. This shares a registered trial with the mitochondrial/redox report, which analyzed a different participant subset. These outcome reports share registration NCT06344377 and use different analytic samples.
  • An individual controlled trial must be interpreted alongside its comparator, sample size, endpoint selection and independent replication. It does not validate a different commercial formulation or a general longevity claim.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Betaine supplementation modulates mitochondrial and redox-related adaptations in premenopausal women with overweight: a randomized controlled trial
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Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis
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Effects of betaine supplementation on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review
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Betaine supplementation fails to improve body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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David C Nieman et al. · Nutrients · 2025
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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology