Tier 2 — strong

Effects of betaine supplementation on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review

Marie Stella Louise Perreras, Jisu Kim
Physical activity and nutrition 2025 29(2):1-10

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 40765066
PubMed Central
PMC12325877
DOI
10.20463/pan.2025.0008
Funding
Indexed grant support: Konkuk University. The indexed list may not contain the complete funding declaration.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignSystematic review of trials
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
Sample5 studies; three parallel and two crossover
InterventionBetaine versus placebo in healthy participants
DurationEvidence reviewed in 2025
EndpointsEndurance performance; Aerobic measures; Risk of bias

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2025, this source examined safety assessments and evidence synthesis. Its evidence base was 5 studies; three parallel and two crossover. It evaluated Betaine versus placebo in healthy participants across Evidence reviewed in 2025.

Some studies reported favorable exercise measures, but the overall endurance evidence was sparse and all included studies were judged at high risk of bias.

Few heterogeneous high-risk studies; isolated physiological changes do not establish a reliable endurance benefit.

Continue with TMG Data Center

Continue with Betaine Anhydrous Pre-Workout: Performance, Dose and Evidence

Key findings

  • Some studies reported favorable exercise measures, but the overall endurance evidence was sparse and all included studies were judged at high risk of bias.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Endurance performance; Aerobic measures; Risk of bias.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Few heterogeneous high-risk studies; isolated physiological changes do not establish a reliable endurance benefit.
  • The conclusions inherit the limitations of the underlying studies. A narrative interpretation or guideline recommendation is not a new randomized treatment comparison.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology