Tier 3 — preclinical

Betaine Treatment Prevents TNF-α-Mediated Muscle Atrophy by Restoring Total Protein Synthesis Rate and Morphology in Cultured Myotubes

Andrea Di Credico, Giulia Gaggi, Pascal Izzicupo, Daniela Vitucci, Pasqualina Buono, Angela Di Baldassarre, Barbara Ghinassi
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 2023 71(4):199-209

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 37013268
PubMed Central
PMC10149894
DOI
10.1369/00221554231165326
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Study snapshot

DesignExperimental animal and/or laboratory research
ModelC2C12 myotubes
SampleExperiment-specific biological replicates and model groups; see original methods
InterventionBetaine with or without TNF-alpha
Duration72 hours
EndpointsMuscle-cell atrophy; Protein synthesis

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2023, this source examined preclinical aging, brain and metabolic mechanisms. Design: Experimental animal and/or laboratory research. Sample/model: Experiment-specific biological replicates and model groups; see original methods. The exposure or intervention was Betaine with or without TNF-alpha. Follow-up or treatment period: 72 hours.

Betaine attenuated TNF-alpha-associated reductions in protein synthesis and adverse myotube morphology.

Experimental model evidence. The intervention, concentrations and outcomes do not establish an effective human supplement dose or a clinical treatment benefit.

Continue with TMG Data Center

Continue with Betaine Anhydrous Pre-Workout: Performance, Dose and Evidence

Key findings

  • Betaine attenuated TNF-alpha-associated reductions in protein synthesis and adverse myotube morphology.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Muscle-cell atrophy; Protein synthesis.
  • The result applies to the tested exposure: Betaine with or without TNF-alpha; 72 hours.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Experimental model evidence. The intervention, concentrations and outcomes do not establish an effective human supplement dose or a clinical treatment benefit.
  • Cell concentrations, species, disease models and experimental routes cannot be converted directly into an effective or safe oral human regimen.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

Tier 3
Systematic profiling reveals betaine as an exercise mimetic for geroprotection
Lingling Geng et al. · Cell · 2025
Tier 4
Betaine and aging: A narrative review of findings, possible mechanisms, research perspectives, and practical recommendations
Emilia Zawieja et al. · Ageing research reviews · 2025
Tier 4
Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review
Madan Kumar Arumugam et al. · Biology · 2021
Tier 4
Decoding Betaine: A Critical Analysis of Therapeutic Potential Compared with Marketing Hype-A Narrative Review
Grzegorz Nikrandt et al. · The Journal of nutrition · 2024

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology