Tier 1 — highest

Effects of betaine supplementation on cardiovascular markers: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Reza Bagheri, Matin Ghanavati, Omid Asbaghi, Grant M Tinsley, Delsa Mombaini, Wesam Kooti, Sara Kashkooli, Alexei Wong
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2022 62(23):6516-6533

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 33764214
DOI
10.1080/10408398.2021.1902938
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
ModelEvidence synthesis; mixed research models
SampleHuman betaine trials; sample differs by outcome
InterventionBetaine versus controls; dose subgroups
DurationSearch through February 2021
EndpointsHomocysteine; LDL and total cholesterol; Blood pressure

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2022, this source examined safety assessments and evidence synthesis. Its evidence base was Human betaine trials; sample differs by outcome. It evaluated Betaine versus controls; dose subgroups across Search through February 2021.

Homocysteine fell by about 1.30 micromol/L, while pooled total and LDL cholesterol increased. Blood pressure and several other markers did not improve.

Small heterogeneous trials and exploratory dose subgroups; a suggested lower-dose advantage is not a definitive safety threshold.

Continue with TMG Data Center

Continue with TMG and Homocysteine: How Much Can Betaine Lower It?

Key findings

  • Homocysteine fell by about 1.30 micromol/L, while pooled total and LDL cholesterol increased.
  • Blood pressure and several other markers did not improve.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Homocysteine; LDL and total cholesterol; Blood pressure.
  • This synthesis reuses the included study populations; it is not an additional randomized participant cohort.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Small heterogeneous trials and exploratory dose subgroups; a suggested lower-dose advantage is not a definitive safety threshold.
  • Pooled estimates depend on the included trials and may share participants with companion publications or other reviews. A statistically significant surrogate outcome does not establish disease prevention.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

Tier 1
Betaine Supplementation Moderately Increases Total Cholesterol Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Emilia E Zawieja et al. · Journal of dietary supplements · 2021
Tier 2
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017
Tier 2
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (EFSA NDA Panel) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019
Tier 4
Postauthorization safety study of betaine anhydrous
Ulrike Mütze et al. · Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2022

Citation network

Articles citing this research paper

5 articles

Biohack Blueprint analyses that reference this study in their evidence base.

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology