Tier 2 — strong

Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Markers of Metabolic Flexibility, Body Composition, and Anaerobic Performance in Active College-Age Females

Hunter S Waldman, Andrea R Bryant, Matthew J McAllister
Journal of dietary supplements 2023 20(1):89-105

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 34477469
DOI
10.1080/19390211.2021.1973644
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignRandomized controlled trial
ModelHuman participants
Sample23 active college-age women
InterventionBetaine 2.4 g/day versus placebo
Duration2 weeks
EndpointsSubstrate oxidation; Body composition; Sprint performance

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2023, this source examined exercise performance and body composition. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Sample/model: 23 active college-age women. The exposure or intervention was Betaine 2.4 g/day versus placebo. Follow-up or treatment period: 2 weeks.

The study reported selected lean-mass, final-sprint and perceived-exertion signals, but no clear change in substrate oxidation.

Several reported benefits were within-group changes; brief treatment and a small sample limit conclusions about a reproducible treatment effect.

Continue with TMG Data Center

Continue with TMG for Weight Loss: Body-Fat Findings and Their Limits

Key findings

  • The study reported selected lean-mass, final-sprint and perceived-exertion signals, but no clear change in substrate oxidation.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Substrate oxidation; Body composition; Sprint performance.
  • The result applies to the tested exposure: Betaine 2.4 g/day versus placebo; 2 weeks.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Several reported benefits were within-group changes; brief treatment and a small sample limit conclusions about a reproducible treatment effect.
  • An individual controlled trial must be interpreted alongside its comparator, sample size, endpoint selection and independent replication. It does not validate a different commercial formulation or a general longevity claim.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

Tier 2
Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Emilia Zawieja et al. · Journal of sports sciences · 2024
Tier 2
Effects of betaine supplementation on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review
Marie Stella Louise Perreras et al. · Physical activity and nutrition · 2025
Tier 1
Betaine supplementation fails to improve body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Damoon Ashtary-Larky et al. · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
Tier 2
Betaine Supplementation Improves 60 km Cycling Time Trial Performance and One-Carbon Metabolism in Cyclists During Recovery
David C Nieman et al. · Nutrients · 2025
Tier 2
Betaine Supplementation Does Not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training
Tatiana Moro et al. · Nutrients · 2020

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology