Tier 2 — strong

Effects of Two-Week Betaine Supplementation on Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and Aerobic Capacity after Exhaustive Endurance Exercise

Ming-Ta Yang, Xiu-Xin Lee, Bo-Huei Huang, Li-Hui Chien, Chia-Chi Wang, Kuei-Hui Chan
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2020 9(12):1189

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 33260915
PubMed Central
PMC7760816
DOI
10.3390/antiox9121189
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
Reported disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Study snapshot

DesignRandomized crossover controlled trial
ModelHuman participants
Sample10 healthy men
InterventionBetaine 1.25 g twice daily versus placebo
Duration2 weeks per treatment
EndpointsLymphocyte apoptosis; Oxidative stress; Aerobic capacity

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2020, this source examined exercise performance and body composition. Design: Randomized crossover controlled trial. Sample/model: 10 healthy men. The exposure or intervention was Betaine 1.25 g twice daily versus placebo. Follow-up or treatment period: 2 weeks per treatment.

Betaine attenuated exercise-associated lymphocyte apoptosis but did not improve aerobic capacity or measured oxidative-stress outcomes.

A small biomarker study; less lymphocyte apoptosis does not establish improved recovery, immunity or endurance.

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Key findings

  • Betaine attenuated exercise-associated lymphocyte apoptosis but did not improve aerobic capacity or measured oxidative-stress outcomes.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Lymphocyte apoptosis; Oxidative stress; Aerobic capacity.
  • The result applies to the tested exposure: Betaine 1.25 g twice daily versus placebo; 2 weeks per treatment.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • A small biomarker study; less lymphocyte apoptosis does not establish improved recovery, immunity or endurance.
  • An individual controlled trial must be interpreted alongside its comparator, sample size, endpoint selection and independent replication. It does not validate a different commercial formulation or a general longevity claim.
  • Source basis: Accessible full-text extract plus indexed bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology