Tier 4 — mechanistic

Choline and betaine food sources and intakes in Taiwanese

Da-Ming Chu, Mark L Wahlqvist, Hsing-Yi Chang, Nai-Hua Yeh, Meei-Shyuan Lee
Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition 2012 21(4):547-557

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 23017313
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignPopulation dietary survey
ModelHuman participants
SampleTaiwanese adults and adolescents aged 13-64
Intervention24-hour dietary recall linked to food-composition data
Duration1993-1996 survey
EndpointsBetaine intake; Regional food sources

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2012, this source examined food sources, absorption and nutrient metabolism. It examined 24-hour dietary recall linked to food-composition data. The source describes Taiwanese adults and adolescents aged 13-64.

Estimated betaine intake and leading food sources differed from Western populations, with leafy vegetables and wheat products contributing substantially.

Recall and food-database error limit precision; these are dietary patterns rather than treatment effects.

Continue with TMG Data Center

Continue with Foods High in Betaine: TMG Amounts and Practical Portions

Key findings

  • Estimated betaine intake and leading food sources differed from Western populations, with leafy vegetables and wheat products contributing substantially.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Betaine intake; Regional food sources.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • Recall and food-database error limit precision; these are dietary patterns rather than treatment effects.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

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Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology