Tier 2 — strong

Effect of 15 days of betaine ingestion on concentric and eccentric force outputs during isokinetic exercise

Jay R Hoffman, Nicholas A Ratamess, Jie Kang, Adam M Gonzalez, Noah A Beller, Stuart A S Craig
Journal of strength and conditioning research 2011 25(8):2235-2241

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 21747291
DOI
10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182162530
Funding
Funding was not specified in the indexed record or accessible funding metadata.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration was not available in the indexed record or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignRandomized crossover controlled trial
ModelHuman participants
Sample11 active college-age men
InterventionBetaine versus placebo
Duration15 days per treatment; 4-week washout
EndpointsIsokinetic force; Fatigue; Soreness

What the study showed, in plain terms

Published in 2011, this source examined exercise performance and body composition. Design: Randomized crossover controlled trial. Sample/model: 11 active college-age men. The exposure or intervention was Betaine versus placebo. Follow-up or treatment period: 15 days per treatment; 4-week washout.

Peak concentric and eccentric chest-press force did not improve. A change in subjective fatigue favored betaine.

The force outcomes were null; an isolated subjective fatigue signal needs replication.

Continue with TMG Data Center

Continue with Betaine Anhydrous Pre-Workout: Performance, Dose and Evidence

Key findings

  • Peak concentric and eccentric chest-press force did not improve.
  • A change in subjective fatigue favored betaine.
  • The recorded outcome domains were Isokinetic force; Fatigue; Soreness.
  • The result applies to the tested exposure: Betaine versus placebo; 15 days per treatment; 4-week washout.

What this study can and cannot tell us

  • The force outcomes were null; an isolated subjective fatigue signal needs replication.
  • An individual controlled trial must be interpreted alongside its comparator, sample size, endpoint selection and independent replication. It does not validate a different commercial formulation or a general longevity claim.
  • Source basis: Indexed abstract and bibliographic data. Missing method details, funding information or participant denominators are not inferred.

Related papers in the corpus

Tier 2
Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Emilia Zawieja et al. · Journal of sports sciences · 2024
Tier 2
Effects of betaine supplementation on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review
Marie Stella Louise Perreras et al. · Physical activity and nutrition · 2025
Tier 1
Betaine supplementation fails to improve body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Damoon Ashtary-Larky et al. · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
Tier 2
Betaine Supplementation Improves 60 km Cycling Time Trial Performance and One-Carbon Metabolism in Cyclists During Recovery
David C Nieman et al. · Nutrients · 2025
Tier 2
Betaine Supplementation Does Not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training
Tatiana Moro et al. · Nutrients · 2020

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified

Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology