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Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Armin Zittermann, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Stefan Pilz
European journal of nutrition 2023 62(4):1833-1844

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 36853379
PubMed Central
PMC10195747
DOI
10.1007/s00394-023-03124-w
Funding
Support is recorded from Projekt DEAL open-access support. See the original publication for grant and material-support details.
Competing interests
The publication includes author disclosures; consult the linked source for the individual relationships and their relevance.

Study snapshot

DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis
ModelHuman evidence synthesis
Sample22 randomized trials involving 12,952 participants
InterventionVitamin D3 3,200–4,000 IU/day versus control
DurationAt least 6 months
EndpointsCalcium-related adverse events; Falls; Hospitalization; Mortality

What the study showed, in plain terms

This publication examines calcium-related adverse events, falls, hospitalization, mortality. Study population or evidence base: 22 randomized trials involving 12,952 participants. Intervention or exposure: Vitamin D3 3,200–4,000 IU/day versus control.

Key findings

The review found a small absolute excess of hypercalcemia, with signals for increased falls and hospitalization. Kidney-stone and mortality risks were not significantly different.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Safety outcomes were incompletely reported in many trials. Findings at these doses do not determine the safety of every formulation or justify treating all users as having equal risk.

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