Tier 1 — highest

Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones in long-term studies of vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zarintaj Malihi, Zhenqiang Wu, Alistair W Stewart, Carlene Mm Lawes, Robert Scragg
The American journal of clinical nutrition 2016 104(4):1039-1051

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 27604776
DOI
10.3945/ajcn.116.134981
Funding
Funding is not specified in the indexed abstract or accessible funding metadata. Consult the original publication for the declaration.
Competing interests
A competing-interest declaration is not available in the indexed abstract or accessible disclosure metadata.

Study snapshot

DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis
ModelHuman evidence synthesis
Sample48 randomized studies involving 19,833 participants
InterventionVitamin D supplementation versus placebo; doses and calcium co-treatment varied
DurationAt least 24 weeks
EndpointsHypercalcemia; Hypercalciuria; Kidney stones

What the study showed, in plain terms

This publication examines hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, kidney stones. Study population or evidence base: 48 randomized studies involving 19,833 participants. Intervention or exposure: Vitamin D supplementation versus placebo; doses and calcium co-treatment varied.

Key findings

Vitamin D increased pooled hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria risks, but did not significantly increase reported kidney stones.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Safety reporting varied and only nine trials reported stone events. The analysis does not establish a precise safe dose for individual patients.

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