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Efficacy and Safety of Sulforaphane Added to Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jing Huang, AnMei Chen, Hua Jin, Fangkun Liu, Gangrui Hei, Ziwei Teng, Jingmei Xiao, Renrong Wu, Jingping Zhao, John M Davis, Ping Shao, Robert C Smith
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2025 86(1):24m15272

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 39832347
Trial registry
View on ClinicalTrials.gov Registered trial — results not yet published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Funding
Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan (2022JJ40691) and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2024RC3055). The products were procured by the research team from Nutramax through a Chinese company; Nutramax had no role in study design or interpretation.
Competing interests
The authors reported no financial or other relationship relevant to the article.

Study snapshot

DesignRandomized double-blind placebo-controlled add-on clinical trial
ModelAntipsychotic-treated adults with schizophrenia
Sample77 participants with at least one postintervention assessment (53 sulforaphane, 24 placebo)
InterventionAntipsychotics plus 1,700 mg/day Avmacol Extra Strength versus antipsychotics plus placebo.
Duration24 weeks
EndpointsPANSS negative symptom total score; PANSS negative factor score; Depression factors; Cognitive factors; Safety

What the study showed, in plain terms

This 24-week trial tested high-dose Avmacol Extra Strength as an add-on to antipsychotic treatment for persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Key findings

The sulforaphane group had greater improvement in PANSS negative-symptom scores than placebo, with the largest difference at 24 weeks and a reported effect size of about 0.8. The authors stated that clinical significance requires further evaluation.

What this study can and cannot tell us

The analyzed sample was modest and the intervention was an add-on to antipsychotic therapy rather than sulforaphane monotherapy. Results apply to the specific high-dose commercial formulation tested and require replication.

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