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Sulforaphane Bioavailability from Glucoraphanin-Rich Broccoli: Control by Active Endogenous Myrosinase

Jed W Fahey, W David Holtzclaw, Scott L Wehage, Kristina L Wade, Katherine K Stephenson, Paul Talalay
PLOS ONE 2015 10(11):e0140963

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 26524341
PubMed Central
PMC4629881
Funding
Supported by an unrestricted donation from the Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Foundation. Brassica Protection Products LLC funded inclusion of a commercial supplement, and Xymogen supplied the supplements. The paper states that funders had no role in study design, data collection or analysis, publication decision, or manuscript preparation.
Competing interests
The authors declared no competing interests.

Study snapshot

DesignHuman pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study across several broccoli-derived preparations
ModelHuman volunteers receiving glucoraphanin- or sulforaphane-delivery preparations
SampleMultiple small human cohorts; cohort sizes varied by preparation
InterventionGlucoraphanin-rich broccoli sprout or seed preparations delivered with or without active endogenous myrosinase, including commercial and investigator-prepared supplements.
Duration
EndpointsUrinary sulforaphane metabolite recovery; Glucoraphanin-to-sulforaphane conversion; Bioavailability; Interindividual variability

What the study showed, in plain terms

This human bioavailability study compared broccoli-derived glucoraphanin preparations that relied mainly on gut conversion with preparations that retained active plant myrosinase.

Key findings

Across the tested preparations, mean sulforaphane bioavailability was about 10% when glucoraphanin was delivered without active plant myrosinase and about 40% when active myrosinase was present. Active myrosinase also reduced variability in conversion between and within participants.

What this study can and cannot tell us

The study used several small volunteer cohorts and focused on pharmacokinetics rather than disease outcomes. Results show the importance of active myrosinase for delivered sulforaphane exposure but do not establish superior long-term clinical outcomes for any commercial product.

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