Stilbene polyphenol · human cardiometabolic, pharmacokinetic and longevity research

The evidence base for resveratrol

Resveratrol is a stilbene polyphenol studied across cardiometabolic health, inflammation, body composition, renal biomarkers, cognition, menopause and longevity-related mechanisms. Supplements typically focus on trans-resveratrol, the trans isomer used in much of the clinical literature. The evidence is broad but uneven. Human randomized trials and meta-analyses support some outcome-specific signals, yet the strongest 2026 umbrella evidence is limited to a small number of context-specific associations. Mechanistic stories around SIRT1, calorie-restriction mimicry and lifespan extension are substantially stronger in preclinical research than in direct human outcome data. This Data Center separates human efficacy evidence from pharmacokinetics, safety, interaction studies and preclinical longevity research so each Biohack Blueprint article can trace claims back to the correct evidence layer.

Evidence at a glance

18
Tier 1
59
Tier 2
19
Tier 3
1
Tier 4

Aging / glucose intolerance / vascular function / mitochondria

Alzheimer disease / CSF biomarkers / secondary analysis

Alzheimer disease / neurodegeneration

Alzheimer disease / neuroinflammation / secondary analysis

Alzheimer disease / pilot clinical trial

Tier 3

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol with glucose and malate (RGM) to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study

Carolyn W Zhu et al. · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · 2018 · 4:609-616

Small randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot using a combination formulation, underpowered for efficacy and not isolating resveratrol alone.

Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.09.009PMID 30480082PMC6240843 Trial registry

Bioavailability / pharmacokinetics

Bone health / postmenopausal health

Bone mechanisms / postmenopausal health

Cardiovascular / coronary artery disease

Cardiovascular / endothelial function

Cardiovascular / heart failure

Cardiovascular / heart failure / hemorheology

Cardiovascular / hypertension / endothelial function

Cardiovascular / lipids

Cardiovascular / peripheral artery disease

Cognition / cerebrovascular / postmenopausal healthy aging

Cognition / cerebrovascular function

Cognition / cerebrovascular function / bioefficacy

Cognition / mood / sleep / cerebrovascular function

Cognition / obesity / gut microbiome / inflammation

Tier 2

The effects of 12-weeks resveratrol supplementation on cognition, gastrointestinal microbiota, and systemic inflammation, in an overweight and obese human population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel groups trial

Emma Wightman et al. · Frontiers in Nutrition · 2026 · 13:1839709

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial in 99 adults with overweight/obesity; informative null results across microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory/adiposity outcomes, though baseline cognitive imbalances complicate cognition inference.

Sourcedoi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1839709PMID 42459802PMC13371205 Trial registry

Combination Supplementation — NMN & Resveratrol

Tier 3

Improvement of tissue-specific distribution and biotransformation potential of nicotinamide mononucleotide in combination with ginsenosides or resveratrol

Long-Bo Bai et al. · Pharmacology Research & Perspectives · 2022 · 10(4):e00986

Controlled mouse pharmacokinetic/tissue-distribution study showing tissue-specific NAD+ differences when NMN was combined with resveratrol or ginsenosides. Relevant to stacking claims but not human clinical evidence.

Sourcedoi:10.1002/prp2.986PMID 35844164PMC9289528

Diabetes risk / arterial inflammation

Drug interactions / CYP metabolism

Drug interactions / CYP2E1

Drug interactions / CYP3A4

Evidence quality / methodology

Exercise / cardiovascular adaptation / aging

Exercise / physical function / mitochondria / aging

Exercise / skeletal muscle / inflammation / aging

Exercise / skeletal muscle / sarcopenia / aging

Glycemic control / lipids / type 2 diabetes

Inflammatory bowel disease / ulcerative colitis

Kidney / chronic kidney disease / inflammation

Kidney / diabetic nephropathy

Kidney / peritoneal dialysis

Kidney / renal biomarkers

Kidney / type 2 diabetes / evidence synthesis

Metabolic health / insulin sensitivity / SIRT1

Metabolic health / insulin sensitivity / obesity

Tier 2

High-dose resveratrol supplementation in obese men: an investigator-initiated, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of substrate metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition

Poulsen MM et al. · Diabetes · 2013 · 62(4):1186-1195

Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=24). This is a genuinely NULL trial: the primary outcome (insulin sensitivity via hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) did not improve, and there was no significant effect on any secondary metabolic, body-composition, or biomarker measure. The trial is sometimes mischaracterised in secondary sources as showing 'modest improvements' — it did not.

Sourcedoi:10.2337/db12-0975PMID 23193181PMC3609591

Metabolic health / mitochondrial function / obesity

Tier 2

Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans

Timmers S et al. · Cell Metabolism · 2011 · 14(5):612-622

Small (n=11) randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in obese men. Found genuine, statistically described improvements across multiple metabolic and mitochondrial measures, though the sample size is very small and results have not been broadly replicated at this dose in larger trials.

Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.10.002PMID 22055504PMC3880862

Metabolic syndrome / inflammation / glucose / lipids

Metabolic syndrome / obesity / insulin metabolism

Multiple clinical domains / evidence synthesis

Multiple health outcomes / evidence synthesis

NAFLD / anthropometrics / metabolism

NAFLD / cardiovascular risk / liver enzymes

NAFLD / evidence synthesis

NAFLD / inflammation / liver enzymes

NAFLD / insulin resistance / glucose / lipids

NAFLD / insulin resistance / liver stress

NAFLD / lipid kinetics / insulin sensitivity

NAFLD / liver enzymes / evidence synthesis

NAFLD / liver fat / histology / safety

NAFLD / oxidative stress

NAFLD risk / liver fat / insulin resistance

Obesity / cardiometabolic / inflammation / evidence synthesis

Obesity / insulin resistance / gut microbiome / skeletal muscle

Tier 3

Supplementation with resveratrol modified gut microbiota improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance

Martha Guevara-Cruz et al. · European Journal of Nutrition · 2025 · 65(1):8

Randomized double-masked human trial with mechanistic, metabolic and microbiome endpoints, but small final sample, many outcomes and retrospective registry posting after trial completion limit confidence.

Sourcedoi:10.1007/s00394-025-03850-3PMID 41359054 Trial registry

Obesity / metabolic syndrome / lifestyle intervention

Osteoarthritis / balance / SIRT1 / inflammation

Tier 3

Improvement in postural imbalance with intake of resveratrol (polyphenolic phytoalexin) in patients of knee osteoarthritis

Asima Karim et al. · Explore (New York, N.Y.) · 2026 · 22(2):103341

Randomized double-blind human trial with 129 participants, but the same investigators, dose, recruitment setting and closely overlapping outcome battery as Karim 2025 make cohort independence uncertain from the public record; treated as related rather than clean independent replication.

Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.explore.2026.103341PMID 41679011

Osteoarthritis / frailty / SIRT1

Tier 2

Resveratrol treatment increases sirtuin 1 levels and alleviates frailty phenotype in knee osteoarthritis patients: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial

Asima Karim et al. · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · 2025 · 76(7):748-758

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled human trial with 123 participants and clinically relevant osteoarthritis and frailty outcomes; interpretation is tempered by short duration and conflict with the larger 2024 multicenter ARTHROL phase 3 null trial.

Sourcedoi:10.1080/09637486.2025.2563670PMID 40990472

Osteoarthritis / pain

Pharmacokinetics / bioavailability

Pharmacokinetics / formulation / bioavailability

Pharmacokinetics / safety

Postmenopausal health / cognition / cerebrovascular function

Postmenopausal health / menopausal symptoms / pain

Postmenopausal health / pain / well-being

Prediabetes risk / insulin sensitivity / mitochondrial function

Resveratrol pharmacology / clinical trial review

Tier 3

The therapeutic potential of resveratrol: a review of clinical trials

Berman AY et al. · NPJ Precision Oncology · 2017 · 1:35

Narrative review of resveratrol clinical trials across multiple disease areas, not primary research. Useful for summarising the heterogeneous, mixed nature of the overall resveratrol trial record, but individual trials it discusses vary widely in quality and should be checked individually rather than taking the review's summary as definitive for any one claim.

Sourcedoi:10.1038/s41698-017-0038-6PMID 28989978PMC5630227

Rheumatology / rheumatoid arthritis

SIRT1 / longevity mechanism

Safety / dosage / pharmacokinetics

Safety, interactions and special populations

Tier 2

Steady-State pharmacokinetics and tolerability of trans-resveratrol 2000 mg twice daily with food, quercetin and alcohol (ethanol) in healthy human subjects

Charles la Porte et al. · Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2010 · 49(7):449

Open-label within-subject steady-state pharmacokinetic study. Quercetin did not increase resveratrol exposure; a high-fat breakfast reduced it. Diarrhea was frequent during the high-dose resveratrol study. Direct human intervention or pharmacokinetic evidence. This is an individual study, not replicated highest-tier clinical proof; sample size, controls and the measured endpoint limit its interpretation.

Sourcedoi:10.2165/11531820-000000000-00000PMID 20528005

Sirtuin biology / longevity mechanism / metabolic health

Type 2 diabetes / SIRT1 / energy metabolism

Type 2 diabetes / SIRT1 / epigenetics / oxidative stress

Type 2 diabetes / bone health

Type 2 diabetes / cerebrovascular function

Type 2 diabetes / glycemic control

Type 2 diabetes / glycemic control / gastrointestinal physiology

Type 2 diabetes / inflammation

Type 2 diabetes / inflammation / metabolic outcomes

Type 2 diabetes / insulin sensitivity

Type 2 diabetes / insulin sensitivity / mitochondrial function

Type 2 diabetes / metabolic syndrome / NAFLD / evidence synthesis

Type 2 diabetes / neurovascular coupling

Weight management / obesity

Weight management / obesity / body composition

Women's health / menopause / bone and pain