Resveratrol Improves Vascular Function and Mitochondrial Number but Not Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults
Randomized double-blind crossover trial in older glucose-intolerant adults with metabolic and vascular phenotyping.
Resveratrol is a stilbene polyphenol studied across cardiometabolic health, inflammation, body composition, renal biomarkers, cognition, menopause and longevity-related mechanisms. Supplements typically focus on trans-resveratrol, the trans isomer used in much of the clinical literature. The evidence is broad but uneven. Human randomized trials and meta-analyses support some outcome-specific signals, yet the strongest 2026 umbrella evidence is limited to a small number of context-specific associations. Mechanistic stories around SIRT1, calorie-restriction mimicry and lifespan extension are substantially stronger in preclinical research than in direct human outcome data. This Data Center separates human efficacy evidence from pharmacokinetics, safety, interaction studies and preclinical longevity research so each Biohack Blueprint article can trace claims back to the correct evidence layer.
Randomized double-blind crossover trial in older glucose-intolerant adults with metabolic and vascular phenotyping.
Post hoc CSF biomarker sub-analysis of a previous randomized phase 2 Alzheimer trial; useful mechanistically but not an independent clinical-efficacy study.
Multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 human trial with 52-week exposure; primarily a safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and biomarker study rather than a definitive clinical-efficacy trial.
Sourcedoi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002035PMID 26362286PMC4626244 Trial registry
Small randomized double-blind 52-week human study with only 30 participants and predominantly biomarker and MRI outcomes; insufficient for clinical efficacy conclusions.
Retrospective biomarker and clinical secondary analysis of a small subset from the Turner 2015 randomized trial; not an independent efficacy trial.
Sourcedoi:10.1186/s12974-016-0779-0PMID 28086917PMC5234138 Trial registry
Small randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot using a combination formulation, underpowered for efficacy and not isolating resveratrol alone.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.09.009PMID 30480082PMC6240843 Trial registry
Phase I human dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study directly characterizing oral resveratrol exposure.
Synthesises existing human pharmacokinetic and metabolism data on resveratrol absorption, but is a narrative review rather than a new controlled human trial or a systematic review/meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of human oral pharmacokinetic clinical-trial data across 84 administrations and nine resveratrol doses.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover human trial with DXA bone-density outcomes; publication is part of the shared RESHAW cohort.
Mechanistic secondary analysis of stored samples from a randomized trial; associations are hypothesis-generating rather than independent efficacy evidence.
Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized human trial in post-infarction coronary artery disease.
Double-blind randomized crossover human trial measuring endothelial function.
Double-blind randomized crossover human trial with chronic supplementation.
Randomized placebo-controlled human trial in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized human trial publication focused on hemorheology.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover human trial.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in peripheral artery disease.
Sourcedoi:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.0538PMID 28403379PMC5815080 Trial registry
Long-duration randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover human trial, but outcomes come from one RESHAW cohort and effect sizes were small.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover human trial with cerebral blood-flow and cognitive endpoints.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled within-subject crossover human study.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel chronic supplementation study in healthy young adults.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial in 99 adults with overweight/obesity; informative null results across microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory/adiposity outcomes, though baseline cognitive imbalances complicate cognition inference.
Sourcedoi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1839709PMID 42459802PMC13371205 Trial registry
Controlled mouse pharmacokinetic/tissue-distribution study showing tissue-specific NAD+ differences when NMN was combined with resveratrol or ginsenosides. Relevant to stacking claims but not human clinical evidence.
Double-blind randomized crossover secondary analysis using PET/CT arterial inflammation imaging.
Prospective human intervention study directly measuring phenotypic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity.
Sourcedoi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0155PMID 20716633PMC2933312
Small open-label human pharmacokinetic interaction trial.
Small human pharmacokinetic interaction trial.
Methodological systematic review evaluating 51 resveratrol meta-analyses with AMSTAR-2 and PRISMA.
Randomized double-blind exercise-training trial in healthy older men.
Sourcedoi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.258061PMID 23878368PMC3810808
Three-arm pilot randomized controlled exercise/resveratrol trial in older adults with functional limitations.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111111PMID 33068691PMC7855904
Randomized human exercise/resveratrol study focused on skeletal-muscle molecular and functional outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.270256PMID 24514907PMC4001758
Randomized exercise-plus-resveratrol trial in older men and women with muscle functional and cellular outcomes.
Umbrella review and meta-analysis synthesizing ten meta-analyses in type 2 diabetes.
Small randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot with inflammatory and questionnaire outcomes; useful signal but insufficient for treatment efficacy conclusions.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial, but only 20 nondialysis CKD participants and short treatment periods.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled human trial in diabetic nephropathy with prespecified renal outcomes, but modest sample size and short duration.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.diabet.2018.05.010PMID 29983230 Trial registry
Prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled human trial with clinically relevant ultrafiltration outcomes, but modest sample size and short duration.
Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults.
Updated systematic review and meta-analysis restricted to randomized controlled trials in type 2 diabetes.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled human metabolic trial using clamp and tracer methods.
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=24). This is a genuinely NULL trial: the primary outcome (insulin sensitivity via hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) did not improve, and there was no significant effect on any secondary metabolic, body-composition, or biomarker measure. The trial is sometimes mischaracterised in secondary sources as showing 'modest improvements' — it did not.
Small (n=11) randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in obese men. Found genuine, statistically described improvements across multiple metabolic and mitochondrial measures, though the sample size is very small and results have not been broadly replicated at this dose in larger trials.
Large double-blind randomized placebo-controlled metabolic-syndrome trial with low- and high-dose arms.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in metabolic syndrome.
PRISMA systematic review comprehensively mapping human resveratrol clinical trials across indications.
Umbrella review synthesizing randomized-trial meta-analyses across multiple health outcomes, with certainty grading.
Sourcedoi:10.1186/s12937-026-01319-5PMID 41987155PMC13196030
Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing resveratrol, placebo and calorie restriction.
Secondary publication from the same randomized double-blind NAFLD trial, focused on cardiovascular risk factors.
Sourcedoi:10.1017/S0007114515002433PMID 26234526 Trial registry
Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in NAFLD.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in NAFLD.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in NAFLD.
Randomized double-blind controlled NAFLD trial with inflammatory and liver endpoints.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.005PMID 25311610 Trial registry
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled NAFLD trial.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled high-dose NAFLD trial.
Six-month placebo-controlled human trial with detailed stable-isotope metabolic kinetics.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials focused on liver enzymes in NAFLD.
Six-month randomized placebo-controlled high-dose NAFLD trial including histologic and imaging outcomes.
Sourcedoi:10.3109/00365521.2015.1107620PMID 26784973 Trial registry
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled NAFLD trial.
Large randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial focused on liver fat and cardiometabolic risk.
PRISMA 2020 systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of 40 randomized controlled trials involving 2,551 participants across obesity-related metabolic and inflammatory outcomes.
Randomized double-masked human trial with mechanistic, metabolic and microbiome endpoints, but small final sample, many outcomes and retrospective registry posting after trial completion limit confidence.
Sourcedoi:10.1007/s00394-025-03850-3PMID 41359054 Trial registry
Randomized controlled trial of resveratrol as an adjunct to diet and exercise in obesity.
Randomized double-blind human trial with 129 participants, but the same investigators, dose, recruitment setting and closely overlapping outcome battery as Karim 2025 make cohort independence uncertain from the public record; treated as related rather than clean independent replication.
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled human trial with 123 participants and clinically relevant osteoarthritis and frailty outcomes; interpretation is tempered by short duration and conflict with the larger 2024 multicenter ARTHROL phase 3 null trial.
Multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 trial with a patient-centered pain endpoint; underpowered relative to its original assumptions but substantially stronger than small exploratory OA trials.
Sourcedoi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004440PMID 39137167PMC11321588 Trial registry
Small human pharmacokinetic and metabolism study; highly relevant to absorption but not an efficacy trial.
Randomized crossover human pharmacokinetic study.
Randomized crossover human pharmacokinetic study directly demonstrating formulation-dependent exposure, but only 12 healthy participants, single-dose administration and open-label design; useful for PK, not efficacy.
Sourcedoi:10.1038/s41598-025-08665-0PMID 40628835PMC12238501 Trial registry
Randomized placebo-controlled human pharmacokinetic and safety study rather than an efficacy trial.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial in postmenopausal women with cognition and cerebrovascular endpoints.
Long-term randomized controlled crossover trial, but this is a secondary-outcome publication from the shared RESHAW cohort.
Randomized placebo-controlled human trial in postmenopausal women; secondary well-being/pain outcomes and modest sample size limit certainty.
Randomized placebo-controlled crossover human trial in men at elevated familial risk of type 2 diabetes.
Sourcedoi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.04.004PMID 29706321PMC6001939 Trial registry
Narrative review of resveratrol clinical trials across multiple disease areas, not primary research. Useful for summarising the heterogeneous, mixed nature of the overall resveratrol trial record, but individual trials it discusses vary widely in quality and should be checked individually rather than taking the review's summary as definitive for any one claim.
Randomized controlled add-on clinical study with 100 participants, but the control received conventional therapy without a matched placebo and blinding was not reported in the PubMed record.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with GRADE assessment and dose-response analysis.
Prospective repeated-dose phase I human safety and pharmacokinetic study.
Sourcedoi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2364PMID 20935227PMC2982884 Trial registry
Open-label within-subject steady-state pharmacokinetic study. Quercetin did not increase resveratrol exposure; a high-fat breakfast reduced it. Diarrhea was frequent during the high-dose resveratrol study. Direct human intervention or pharmacokinetic evidence. This is an individual study, not replicated highest-tier clinical proof; sample size, controls and the measured endpoint limit its interpretation.
Foundational preclinical mouse study. Landmark paper that launched the sirtuin-activator hypothesis for resveratrol, but the direct SIRT1-activation mechanism it proposed has since been extensively contested by other research groups. No human data.
Double-blind randomized human trial assessing skeletal-muscle molecular and metabolic endpoints.
Double-blind randomized controlled secondary mechanistic publication from a type 2 diabetes trial.
Sourcedoi:10.1007/s00592-017-1097-4PMID 29330620PMC5851693 Trial registry
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled secondary publication examining bone outcomes.
Double-blind placebo-controlled balanced crossover dose-ranging human trial in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind parallel trial in type 2 diabetes.
Prospective randomized controlled human trial in type 2 diabetes, but open-label.
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial using high-dose resveratrol.
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled publication from the six-month type 2 diabetes trial.
Large double-blind randomized placebo-controlled human trial with two resveratrol doses.
Double-blind randomized human trial in type 2 diabetes.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial using gold-standard clamp assessment.
GRADE-assessed umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized trials in T2D, metabolic syndrome and NAFLD.
Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover human dose-ranging trial evaluating neurovascular coupling.
Umbrella review synthesizing interventional meta-analyses of resveratrol and obesity indices.
Sourcedoi:10.1007/s40519-025-01800-wPMID 41317227PMC12664858
Graded systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials involving 1,005 participants with overweight or obesity.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in postmenopausal women.
Sourcedoi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1588284PMID 40771919PMC12325339 Trial registry