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Lack of Effect of Oral Sulforaphane Administration on Nrf2 Expression in COPD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial

Robert A Wise, Janet T Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R Sudini, Elizabeth A Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W Fahey, Charles S Berenson, Michael R Jacobs, Shyam Biswal, Broccoli Sprout Extract Trial Research Group
PLOS ONE 2016 11(11):e0163716

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 27832073
PubMed Central
PMC5104323
Trial registry
View on ClinicalTrials.gov Registered trial — results not yet published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Funding
Funded by NIH/NHLBI grant U01HL105569. The publication states that the sponsor had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation or manuscript writing.
Competing interests
The publication reports outside grants and personal fees for Robert A Wise from multiple pharmaceutical companies; see the paper for full disclosures.

Study snapshot

DesignThree-arm parallel randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase II trial
ModelAdults meeting GOLD criteria for COPD
Sample89 participants
InterventionPlacebo, 25 µmol sulforaphane daily, or 150 µmol sulforaphane daily.
Duration4 weeks
EndpointsNrf2 target-gene expression in alveolar macrophages; Nrf2 target-gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells; Oxidative stress markers; Airway inflammation; Pulmonary function

What the study showed, in plain terms

This multicenter Phase II trial directly tested whether oral sulforaphane activates the expected NRF2 gene program in the airways of people with COPD.

Key findings

Despite measurable sulforaphane absorption, neither 25 nor 150 µmol/day significantly increased the prespecified Nrf2 target genes. Inflammation measures and pulmonary function also did not differ among groups. Both doses were well tolerated.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Treatment lasted four weeks, but the null result directly challenges the assumption that oral sulforaphane reliably activates NRF2 targets in every disease state or tissue.

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