Tier 1 — highest

Vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo and incident type 2 diabetes in an ancillary study of the randomized Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial

Deirdre K Tobias, Aruna D Pradhan, Edward K Duran, Chunying Li, Yiqing Song, Julie E Buring, Nancy R Cook, Samia Mora, JoAnn E Manson
Nature communications 2025 16(1):3332

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 40199888
PubMed Central
PMC11978796
DOI
10.1038/s41467-025-58721-6
Trial registry
View on ClinicalTrials.gov Registered trial — results not yet published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Funding
Support is recorded from NCCIH NIH HHS, NCI NIH HHS, NIDDK NIH HHS, NHLBI NIH HHS, NCRR NIH HHS, NCATS NIH HHS. See the original publication for grant and material-support details.
Competing interests
The authors report no relevant competing interests.

Study snapshot

DesignRandomized-trial ancillary analysis with an accompanying meta-analysis
ModelHuman participants
Sample22,220 VITAL participants without diabetes; 911 in the glycemic subcohort
InterventionVitamin D3 2,000 IU/day or placebo
DurationMedian 5.3 years; glycemic testing at 2 years
EndpointsIncident type 2 diabetes; Glycemic traits

What the study showed, in plain terms

This publication examines incident type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits. Study population or evidence base: 22,220 VITAL participants without diabetes; 911 in the glycemic subcohort. Intervention or exposure: Vitamin D3 2,000 IU/day or placebo.

Key findings

VITAL alone found no significant reduction in diabetes or measured glycemic traits. Its accompanying pooled analysis with earlier trials suggested a modest overall diabetes-risk reduction.

What this study can and cannot tell us

The VITAL population was not selected for prediabetes, and the pooled evidence overlaps previous trials. The paper's combined analyses should not be counted as separate independent populations.

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