Tier 4 — mechanistic

Effects of food formulation and thermal processing on flavones in celery and chamomile

Gregory L. Hostetler, Ken M. Riedl, Steven J. Schwartz
Food Chemistry 2013 141(2):1406-1411

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 23790931
PubMed Central
PMC3850025
Funding
Not clearly reported in the indexed sources reviewed.
Competing interests
Not clearly reported in the indexed sources reviewed.

Study snapshot

DesignLaboratory food-processing and flavone-stability study
ModelCelery, chamomile extracts and food-ingredient matrices analyzed by HPLC
SampleLaboratory replicate experiments; not a human or animal sample.
InterventionHeat, pH manipulation and beta-glucosidase-rich food ingredients applied to celery and chamomile flavones
DurationProcessing experiments ranged from 20-hour incubations to heating for up to 5 hours, depending on experiment.
EndpointsApigenin glycoside stability; Deglycosylation to apigenin aglycone; Effects of pH and heating; Effects of almond, flax seed and chickpea flour on flavone conversion

What the study showed, in plain terms

This food-chemistry study examined how processing changes apigenin glycosides and free apigenin in celery and chamomile.

Key findings

Apigenin glycosides were not chemically interchangeable with free apigenin. Heat and acidity changed specific celery glycosides, while beta-glucosidase-rich ingredients could convert chamomile apigenin glucoside toward the aglycone form. Apigenin itself was more stable under acidic than neutral conditions in the tested system.

What this study can and cannot tell us

This is a controlled food-processing study, not evidence that a particular preparation increases human apigenin exposure or improves clinical outcomes. Laboratory processing conditions may not reflect normal preparation or digestion.

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