Tier 1 — highest

Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection

Sebastian J Hofer, Anna Katharina Simon, Martina Bergmann, Tobias Eisenberg, Guido Kroemer, Frank Madeo

Nature Aging 2022 2(12):1112-1129

Bibliography

PubMed: PMID 37118547
DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9

Study snapshot

Design	Mechanistic narrative review
Model	Fungi, nematodes, insects, rodents and human translational literature
Sample	Not applicable — review
Intervention	Not applicable; synthesis
Duration	Not applicable — review
Endpoints	Autophagy; Geroprotection; Cardiovascular aging; Neurodegeneration; Clinical translation

What the study showed, in plain terms

This Nature Aging review maps how spermidine may promote autophagy and geroprotection and explains which pathways are supported across multiple model organisms.

Key findings

Spermidine has robust mechanistic geroprotection evidence in model organisms, but translating those effects to human clinical outcomes remains an open research problem.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Mechanistic review rather than a systematic human-effect meta-analysis. Much of the causal evidence comes from non-human models.

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Khaled Mahmoud