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Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Feng Chen, Disheng Zhou, Alice Pik-Shan Kong, Nga Ting Yim, Siyu Dai, Yu Nan Chen, Lai Ling Hui
Current Diabetes Reports 2024 25(1):4

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 39531138
PubMed Central
PMC11557618
DOI
10.1007/s11892-024-01557-z
Funding
Open-access funding was provided by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The authors stated that the research received no grant from funding agencies.
Competing interests
Co-author Alice Pik-Shan Kong was a section editor for Current Diabetes Reports; no other competing-interest statement was identified.

Study snapshot

DesignSystematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials of NMN.
Model342 middle-aged or older adults, 49% female and mainly without diabetes, across eight RCTs published from 2021 to 2023.
Sample8 randomized controlled trials; 342 participants.
InterventionOral NMN 250–2000 mg/day versus control.
Duration14 days to 12 weeks across included trials.
EndpointsFasting glucose; Fasting insulin; HbA1c; HOMA-IR; Triglycerides; Total cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; HDL cholesterol

What the study showed, in plain terms

This systematic review pooled eight randomized trials involving 342 middle-aged or older adults to test whether short-term NMN improves standard glucose and lipid markers.

Across doses of 250 to 2000 mg/day for 14 days to 12 weeks, the meta-analysis found no significant benefit for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR or the lipid profile.

The result is useful because it separates NMN's ability to influence NAD biology from evidence of clinically meaningful improvements in routine metabolic markers.

Key findings

  • Eight RCTs involving 342 adults were included.
  • NMN doses ranged from 250 to 2000 mg/day and trial duration from 14 days to 12 weeks.
  • No significant pooled benefit was found for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c or HOMA-IR.
  • No significant pooled benefit was found for the assessed lipid-profile outcomes.
  • The evidence base consisted mainly of relatively healthy middle-aged and older adults.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Only eight RCTs were available, follow-up was short, and most participants were relatively healthy and non-diabetic, limiting generalizability to people with established metabolic disease.

The review evaluates conventional metabolic biomarkers and does not establish whether NMN affects other tissue-specific or mechanistic endpoints.

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology