Tier 3 — preclinical

Assessing the authenticity of the sport supplement creatine using spectroscopic techniques and multivariate analysis

Thinara de Freitas Oliveira, Gabriel Rosário Santos, Josane Cardim de Jesus, Jéssica Souza Coqueiro, Robério Rodrigues Silva, Sibelli Passini Barbosa Ferrão, Leandro Soares Santos
Food Chem 2025 484:144282

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 40306235
Funding
No explicit funding statement was located in the accessible PubMed or publisher records during Biohack Blueprint's 2026-10-02 audit.
Competing interests
No explicit competing-interests statement was located in the accessible PubMed or publisher records during Biohack Blueprint's 2026-10-02 audit.

Study snapshot

DesignLaboratory product-authenticity study using HPLC, mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy with chemometric analysis
ModelLaboratory / product testing
Sample149 commercial creatine monohydrate samples purchased in Brazil
InterventionAnalytical testing of commercial creatine products
DurationSamples collected July-December 2023
EndpointsCreatine purity; Adulteration; HPLC authentication; MIR/NIR classification accuracy

What the study showed, in plain terms

2025 analytical study evaluating 149 commercial creatine monohydrate samples and developing spectroscopy-based methods to identify adulterated or non-pure products.

Key findings

HPLC classified 117 samples as pure and 32 as adulterated/non-pure; MIR and NIR models achieved greater than 95% classification accuracy in the study dataset.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Samples were purchased in Brazil and cannot be generalized to every country or brand. The study addresses authenticity and analytical classification, not supplement efficacy or safety outcomes.

Citation network

Articles citing this research paper

4 articles

Biohack Blueprint analyses that reference this study in their evidence base.

Editorial review

Reviewed by the Biohack Blueprint research team

Last verified