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Creatine supplementation research fails to support the theoretical basis for an effect on cognition: Evidence from a systematic review

Terry McMorris, Beverley J Hale, Beatrice S Pine, Thomas B Williams
Behav Brain Res 2024 466:114982

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 38582412
Funding
The research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests
No explicit competing-interests statement was located in the accessible PubMed or publisher records during Biohack Blueprint's 2026-10-02 audit. This is an audit-status statement, not confirmation that no competing interests existed.

Study snapshot

DesignSystematic review
ModelHuman
SampleHuman creatine cognition studies identified through PubMed and Scopus
InterventionCreatine supplementation
DurationVaried by included study
EndpointsBrain creatine; Memory; Attention; Executive function; Perception; Cognition under stress

What the study showed, in plain terms

Important skeptical systematic review that prevents the brain-health cluster from presenting cognitive benefits as settled science.

Key findings

The review found that creatine can increase brain creatine, but cognitive results were equivocal overall; possible benefits appeared more plausible in stressed populations such as sleep deprivation or hypoxia.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Heterogeneous small studies and inconsistent dosing; the review did not perform a pooled meta-analysis and highlighted major design limitations in the literature.

Citation network

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Editorial review

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