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Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation

R C Harris, K Söderlund, E Hultman
Clin Sci (Lond) 1992 83(3):367-374

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 1327657
Funding
No explicit funding statement was located in the accessible PubMed or publisher records during Biohack Blueprint's 2026-10-02 audit. This is an audit-status statement, not confirmation that the study received no funding.
Competing interests
No explicit competing-interests statement was located in the accessible PubMed or publisher records during Biohack Blueprint's 2026-10-02 audit. This is an audit-status statement, not confirmation that no competing interests existed.

Study snapshot

DesignControlled clinical trial
ModelHuman
Sample17 muscle-biopsy participants plus acute pharmacokinetic observations
InterventionCreatine monohydrate 5 g repeated multiple times daily
Duration2 or more days for loading observations
EndpointsMuscle total creatine; Phosphocreatine; Plasma creatine; Urinary creatine

What the study showed, in plain terms

Landmark human study showing that oral creatine monohydrate is absorbed and can substantially raise skeletal-muscle creatine, particularly in people with lower baseline stores.

Key findings

Repeated 5 g doses increased quadriceps total creatine; some participants increased muscle creatine by as much as about 50%, with uptake greatest during the first days.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Small early mechanistic study, primarily male and focused on short-term muscle loading rather than long-term clinical outcomes.

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