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Creatine ingestion favorably affects performance and muscle metabolism during maximal exercise in humans

A Casey, D Constantin-Teodosiu, S Howell, E Hultman, P L Greenhaff
Am J Physiol 1996 271(1 Pt 1):E31-E37

Bibliography

PubMed
PMID 8760078
DOI
10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.1.E31
Funding
No explicit funding statement was located in the accessible PubMed or publisher records during Biohack Blueprint's 2026-10-02 audit. This is an audit-status statement, not confirmation that the study received no funding.
Competing interests
No explicit competing-interests statement was located in the accessible PubMed or publisher records during Biohack Blueprint's 2026-10-02 audit. This is an audit-status statement, not confirmation that no competing interests existed.

Study snapshot

DesignHuman before-after supplementation study
ModelHuman
Sample9 men
InterventionCreatine monohydrate 20 g/day
Duration5 days
EndpointsMuscle total creatine; Peak work; Total work; ATP loss

What the study showed, in plain terms

Muscle-biopsy study linking higher intramuscular creatine after supplementation to improved maximal exercise work and altered high-energy phosphate metabolism.

Key findings

Muscle total creatine rose and work during two 30-second maximal cycling bouts increased by about 4%; ATP loss was lower after supplementation.

What this study can and cannot tell us

Nine male participants; no placebo arm described in the PubMed abstract and only acute maximal exercise was studied.

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Dr. Khaled Mahmoud, MBBChCritical Care Medicine, Longevity Science & Editorial Direction Dr. Amr Yasser, PhDCardiometabolic, Musculoskeletal, Gut & Bioavailability Dr. Abdulla Mostafa, PhDCellular Senescence, Neurological, Mitochondrial & Brain-Ageing Biology